Stem cells delivery methods

Together, these data suggest that none of these three delivery strategies are more than modestly efficient at delivering cells to targeted regions. This is of special concern in the case of intracoronary delivery, which is the stem cell delivery method most widely used after AML This has several important clinical implications for the... 

Another novel cardiovascular therapy that has recently come into play is the use of stem cell delivery. These approaches have thus far involved the use of gene delivery mechanisms to essentially force embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocyte differentiation with the goal of producing a cardiac pace-making cell (Arruda et al., 2004). Researchers are also developing methods for utilizing seeded adult mesenchymal stem cells as an implanted base to act as a depot for the delivery of localized gene therapies (Arruda et al., 2004). 

Additional future innovations likely to impact upon pharmaceutical biotechnology include the development of alternative product production systems, alternative methods of delivery and the development of engineered cell-based therapies, particularly stem cell therapy. As mentioned previously, protein-based biotechnology products produced to date are produced in either microbial... 

Results of recent studies have challenged the safety and effectiveness of intraeoronary delivery. There is growing evidence of very low retention of stem cells in target regions and of increased restenosis rates associated with this delivery method. 

Viruses Viruses provide a unique and extremely efficient method of insertion of genes into mammalian cells, such as human bone marrow stem cells. SV 40, adenovirus, vaccine virus, and polyomavirus have been used as gene transfer vectors. A non-replicating adenoviral vector that efficiently infects human cells has recently been developed. The essential feature of a retroviral gene delivery system is the presence of an RNA copy of the replacement gene that is packaged in a viral particle, capable of specific and efficient entry into the cytoplasm of a cell. A retrovirus consists of... 

Most adherent cell types can be efficiently transfected with lipid reagents. Even notoriously hard to transfect cells such as neurons, certain primary cells, and embryonic stem cells can be successfully transfected under optimized conditions with the appropriate reagents, presumably because siRNAs only need to be delivered to the cytoplasm (unlike DNA plasmids that must enter the nucleus for expression). For reasons that are not yet clear, suspension cells tend to be refractory to lipid-based transfection and typically require electroporation or viral-based methods for delivery of siRNA. While electroporation efficiently delivers naked siRNA directly to the cytosol for access to RISC, thereby bypassing the endosomal compartment, the extensive cell death that results and large amounts of siRNA required are prohibitive for broader-range applications. 

Scaffolds can also be used for the delivery of genes. Kido et al. prepared scaffolds of gelatin and (3-tricalcium phosphate ((3-TCP) to search their gene transfection capabilities. The scaffolds were loaded with a spermine-pullulan luciferase plasmid DNA polyion complex and then stem cells were seeded into the scaffolds. It was shown that the level of plasmid DNA transfection was dependent on the method of the scaffold preparation. ... 

Bone Marrow Mononuclear Stem Cell Injections The Influence of Delivery Methods on Therapeutic Effects... 

Genomics Protocols, Second Edition, edited by Mike Starkey and Ramnanth Elaswarapu, 2008 Neural Stem Cells Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, edited by Leslie P. Weiner, 2008 Drug Delivery Systems, edited by Kewal K. Jain, 2008 Avian Influenza Virus, edited by Erica Spackman, 2008 Chromosomal Mutagenesis, edited by Greg Davis and Kevin J. Kayser, 2008... 

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