State and federal funding

Professor James 0. Alben. Director of the Biospectroscopy Laboratory, The Ohio State University (NIH Grants HL28144 and RR01739) provided the facility and training for the author. Salary and research support were provided in part by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and to the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. 

Salaries and research support provided in part by the North Central Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (OH000363-SS) and by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agric. Res. Develop. Ctr., Wooster, OH. EPTC (including uC-l-propyl EPTC) and butylate were supplied by Stauffer Chemical Company. 

Because of the wide range of ideological leanings of various administrations, direct subsidies and federally funded research and development have fluctuated wildly since the late 1970s. In 1980 the United States spent 260 inillion on solar research and development, but then the amount fell to 38 million by 1990. Between 1990 and 1994 support doubled, reaching 78 million. 

The bench-scale experimentation and pilot-scale testing required to develop new flue gas treatment technology entail large expenditures. The funding sources available to meet this need are the state and federal governments, the combined utility industry through the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and the major boiler and flue gas treatment system manufacturers. Each must play a productive role in the conduct of this research. 

The financial conundrum. There are a myriad of choices for funding the prescription benefit. Costs could be financed as they are right now with Part B participation. Beneficiaries and the government contribute to the benefit. Workers and retirees enrolled in employer-sponsored heath plans will have to be taken into account. Beneficiaries who are on Medicaid will present issues that the state and federal governments will have to resolve. Recent drug benefit proposals for the low-income participants have indicated a strong preference for full or partial subsidies for the premium payments and cost sharing for the prescriptions and pharmaceutical services utilized. 

The acquisition of the large shale samples described here was funded most recently by the U.S. Department of Energy earlier it was funded by the American Gas Association and later by the Gas Research Institute. The authors wish to express their appreciation to these organizations for permission to publish this paper. We also wish to thank personnel of the various state and federal agencies who assisted us in obtaining oil shale samples for testing and provided a considerable amount of geological information. 

The previous section identified numerous research areas. The funding and scientific staffing (in scientist years) of such research must be the responsibility of the entire scientific enterprise to include state and federal government and private industry. Data in Tables V and VI show FY 84 or CY 84 investments in pesticide research by government and industry, respectively. Table VII provides data for the federal expenditures for toxicology-related research. 

Medicaid A government medical assistance program that pays for medical expenses for the poor and certain other classes of uninsured people, established by the Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. Each State administers its own program. Medicaid is funded by both the State and Federal governments. 

In the treatment area, money was provided for grants to start Drug Courts (court-mandated treatment and related services for nonviolent offenders) and for funding for substance abuse treatment in state and federal prisons. These programs were in addition to the Block Grant and Veterans Administration funding for treatment mentioned earlier. 

Rehabilitation Expenses There are two main kinds of rehabilitation. Physical rehabilitation involves therapies intended to regain lost strength and movement. Vocational therapy involves regaining lost work skiUs or learning new skUls. Most workers compensation benefits typicaUy cover physical rehabilitation as a medical expense. Provisions vary for vocational rehabilitation. Some states require the employer to pay for vocational rehabilitation. Some laws have maximmn payments, limit the period allowed for training or limit total expenses per case. Under the Federal Vocational Rehabilitation Act, states receive federal funds to help cover the cost of retraining persons disabled in industrial accidents. 

J are the promises of fuel-cell cars. The development of fuel-cell cars has been pushed by state and federal programs, legislation, and funding. There are a number of issues that need to be resolved before the large-scale manufacture of fuel-cell cars becomes feasible. These include the fuel-storage capacity of the car, and the fueling infrastructure. 

WI Yes FDM 11-25-30 Curb ramps with detectable warnings shall be installed on all state or federally funded projects with sidewalks (including resurfacing, SHRM, and Preventative Maintenance projects) where curb ramps do not exist. ... 

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