Starfish control

Bordeaux mixtures lime-sulfur spray calcium arsenate dispersing agent starfish control ... 

The next step in increasing oyster culture intensity might involve hatchery production and settling of spat on cultch. Once again, the cultch would be later distributed over a bed leased or owned by the oyster culturist (Eig. 1). Control of predators such as starfish and oyster drills could easily be a part of culture at all levels. 

The assembly of animals contains an element of lateral symmetry as well as longitudinal orientation which may be represented by a string of letters that designate complexity factors and subscripts that are symmetry factors whereby 2 means bilateral—and 3,4,5 —n multi-dimensional symmetry. Thus, a bacterium is A , a starfish A(5 9), and a bony fish might be Aj B2C2D2 + SCF, (Segment Control Factor). 

The larger fire decoys, referred to at first by the code-name Crashdec and later as Special Fire (SF) or Starfish sites, were under the direct control of No.80 Wing, for, unlike the locally administered Q sites, they were intimately connected with the beam-jamming operations. Premature ignition of a Starfish site may have exposed the Ultra secret. A directive issued from 80 Wing on 23 November, 1940, clearly illustrates the modus operandi ... 

Heeb, M.A., 1973. Large molecules and chemical control of feeding behaviour in the starfish Asterias forbesi. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunter., 24 425—435. 

Hard-burned quicklime with a preferred particle size of 2 mm, is used in the United States to control infestations of starfish on oyster beds. When a particle contacts a starfish, it causes a lesion which kills it. The quicklime is applied at approximately 150 kg per hectare [30.1]. 

Narita, H., Matsubara, S., Miwa, N., Akahane, S., Murakami, M., Got, T., Nara, M., Noguchi, T., Saito, T., Shida, Y., and Hashimoto, K. 1987. Vibrio alginolyticus, a TTX-producing bacterium isolated from the starfish Astropecten polyacanthus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53, 617-621. Nishikawa, T., Asai, M., Ohyabu, N., Yamamoto, N., and Isobe, M. 1999. Stereo-controlled synthesis of 5,11-dideoxytetrodotoxin. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38, 3081-3084. 

This chapter was adapted from in part, by permission, M. Otake, M. Inaba, and H. Inoue. Development of Electric Environment to control Mollusk-Shaped Gel Robots made of Electro-Active Polymer PAMPS Gel , Proceedings of SPIE vol.3987 Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) Y. Bar-Cohen (ed.), pp.321-330, 2000 M. Otake, Y. Kagami, M. Inaba, and H. Inoue, Dynamics of Gel Robots made of Electro-Active Polymer Gel , Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp.1458-1462, 2001 M. Otake, Y. Kagami, M. Inaba, and H. Inoue, Motion design of a starfish-shaped gel robot made of electro-active polymer gel . Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 40, pp. 185-191, 2002. 

For example motion, turn over motion of a starfish was selected to study motion control of deformable robots, because it is a dynamic motion, which is driven by synchronized neuron ring[208]. One of the problems of deformable robots is that motion control is difficult because whose bodies have virtually infinite degrees of freedom. Motion generation of gel robots is not a simple problem if we formulate it in an ordinary maimer. Learning fi om real starfishes and other works, there should exist an alternative methodology. In this section, biologically inspired method to drive deformable robots is proposed. The assumption is that only one or a few points are controlled by whole parts of the robot, which work cooperatively. 

Turning over Motion Control of Starfish-Shaped Gel Robots... 

Hondo, N., Nishikawa, K., Yokoi, H., Kakazu, Y. Control of starfish robot using multi-agent programming system. In Kakazu, Y., Wada, M., Sato, T. (eds.) Intelligent autonomous systems IAS-5, pp. 595-601. lOS Press, Tokyo (1998)... 

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