Orientation longitudinal

The unit was shut down, drained, and visually examined. Numerous branched cracks of the type shown in Fig. 9.21 were observed. Cracks were oriented longitudinally. 

Figure 20. Immunofluorescence micrograph of microtubule orientation in 8 day old cells of Boergesenia forbesii. Highly ordered microtubules are oriented longitudinally to the cell axis (double-headed arrow).

Obviously, softwood anatomy is relatively simple as only two types of cells, longitudinal tracheids and ray parenchyma, constitute the bulk of the wood. Hardwoods have a more complex anatomy as more kinds of cells are present. The roles of conduction and support are carried out by different cells and in addition to the transverse ray parenchyma, food-storage cells oriented in the longitudinal direction are present. Parenchyma oriented longitudinally are called longitudinal or axial parenchyma. Vessel segments perform the conduction role, and fibers the support role. 

The longer the fiber (the higher is the fiber aspect ratio) and the more it is oriented longitudinally, along the deck board, the lower is the coefficient of thermal expansion-contraction. Overall, for different commercial WPC deck boards the coefficient is in the range of 2 X 10 to 5 X 10 1/°F. In other words, some commercial WPC boards can expand-contract by 250% higher than others. These overexpanded decks are very noticeable and sometimes cause complaints from the deck owners. 

The tunica albuginea consists of two layers, the outer of which is oriented longitudinally and the inner layer consisting of circular fibers. The inner layer contains struts that course the cavernosal space and... 

A photo taken with an electron microscope with the same orientation (longitudinal section) is displayed in Fig. 9.3f. The actin filaments run toward each other from the net-like Z-membrane structures the crossbridges, radiating outward from the thick, centrally located myosin filaments to the actin filaments, are plainly visible. 

Maximum intensity projections or volume rendering techniques may be helpful to show the location of a coronary stent (Fig. 17.2). For the clinical evaluation of the coronary artery stent lumen, multiplanar reformations (MPR) of the data volume are needed. MPR are obtained in at least two orientations, longitudinal and perpendicular to the stent axis, to properly assess for the presence and, if positive, the degree of a stenosis. 

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