Staphylococcus Enterotoxins

Category B agents There are eleven Category B agents as follows brucellosis, epsilon toxin (clostridium perfringens), glanders, melioidosis, psittacosis, Q fever, ricin toxin, staphylococcus enterotoxin B, typhus fever, viral encephalitis, and water safety threats. 

Salmonella Colonization of intestinal mucosa. Escherichia coli Shiga family toxins (verotoxins) Stx, Stxl, Stx2, Staphylococcus Enterotoxins... 

Rapid diagnostic SMART Tickets are currently available for identification of toxin agents Botulinum Toxin and Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB). 

Mollick JA, Cook RG, Rich RR Class II MHC molecules are specific receptors for staphylococcus enterotoxin A. Science 1989 244 817-820. 

Litton MJ, Sander B, Murphy E, O Garra A, Abrams JS Early expression of cytokines in lymph nodes after treatment in vivo with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B. J Immunol Methods 1994 175 47-58. 

Kawabe Y, Ochi A Selective anergy of V beta 8+, CD4+ T cells in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-primed mice. JExp Med 1990 172 1065-1070. 

Nakata Y, Matsuda K, Uzawa A, Nomura M, Akashi M, Suzuki G Administration of recombinant human IL-1 by Staphylococcus enterotoxin B prevents tolerance induction in vivo. J Immunol... 

Fuller CL, Braciale VL Selective induction of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function by staphylococcus enterotoxin B. J Immunol 1998 161 5179-5186. 

Campbell, G.A., Medina, M. B., Mutharasan, 1C Detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B at picogram levels using piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever sensors. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical 2007, 126 (2), 354-360... 

F. Vaccination. Vaccination is the preferred method of biological defense. Fully licensed vaccines are currently available for anthrax, cholera, plague and smallpox. Vaccines for botulinum toxoid, Q fever, Rift Valley fever, tularemia, and VEE currently exist as IND products and would be available only under protocol with informed consent, therefore would not be readily available on the battlefield. No vaccine is currently available either FDA licensed or under IND status, for glanders, brucellosis, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, ricin, or T-2 mycotoxins. 

DeSilva M. S., Zhang Y, Hesketh P. J., Maclay G. J., Gendel S. M., and Stetter J. R., Impedance based sensing of the specific binding reaction between staphylococcus enterotoxin B and its antibody on an ultra-thin platinum film. Biosens. Bioelectron., 10, 675-682,1995. 

Two approaches were taken to test for the functional capacity of differentiated PMN staphylococcus enterotoxin (SE), a so-called superantigen, was used and alternatively, peptide antigens, requiring to some extent processing and presentation to autologous antigen-specific T cells. 

Fig. 5. Induction of proliferation of the PHA-propagated T cell clone D894 by PMN and staphylococcus enterotoxin E (SEE), a, A T cell proliferation, measured as uptake of thymidine, in dependency of SEE concentration and IFN-y-pretreated PMN. c T cell proliferation induced by IFN-y-pretreated PMN and SEE could be inhibited by antibodies to MHC class 11 antigens or to CD86. = Prohferation significantly different from IgG (largest...

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