Standard Oil Company of New Jersey

Ill 1923, GM set up a special chemical division, the GM Chemical Co., to market the new additive. However, GM became dissatisfied with DuPont s progress at the plant. In order to augment its TEL supply, and to push DuPont into accelerating its pace of production, GM called upon the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (later Esso/Exxon) to set up its own process independently of DuPont. In fact, Jersey Standard had obtained the rights to an ethyl chloride route to TEL. This turned out to be a far cheaper process than the bromide technology. By the niid-1920s, both DuPont and Jersey were producing TEL. 

Cracking is an endothermic reaction, implying that the temperature must be rather high (500 °C), with the consequence that catalysts deactivate rapidly by carbon deposition. The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process, developed by Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (1940) (better known as ESSO and nowadays EXXON), offers a solution for the short lifetime of the catalyst. Although cracking is... 

P. H. Spitz, Petrochemicals The Rise of an Industry [7], pp. 69-115 (covering early developments by Dow Chemical and Standard Oil Company of New Jersey-Jersey Standard-besides Union Carbide and Shell). 

In the fluid-catalyst process, finely divided catalyst powder is continuously circulated from reactor to regenerator and back again without mechanical means. The fluid process was originated by the Standard Oil Development Company, the research organization of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in collaboration with The M. W. Kellogg Company and Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Other companies participating in the development were Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Ltd., Shell Oil Company, The Texas Company, and Universal Oil Products Company. This process was first announced in 1941 (48). 

Both Exxon and Mobil have their roots in the late 19th century with the Standard Oil Trust. Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and Standard Oil Company of New York were the chief predecessor companies of Exxon and Mobil. 

Comments regarding the slowness of purchases in the past were made at the same meeting (January 18, 1942) by Dana Mitchell and Compton asked him and Szilard to put the matter in the form of a report to him. It was understood at that time that Murphree, the vice-president of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, was in charge of procuring the materials and it was desired to have the arrangements with Murphree clarified. Szilard also asked whether it would not be desirable to concentrate the work on the chain reaction in one place and whether it would not be advisable to choose the site for a plant with 100 watt capacity. A free for all discussion ensued on these points. A common feature of all suggestions was a desire to complete the project ahead of schedule. 

After graduation, he accepted a position with Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and retired as Senior Research Associate at this company after 36 years of service in 1965. During his career at Standard Oil (now EXXON Co.), he was awarded more than 75 patents by the U.S. Patent Office and published more than 20 articles in scientific journals. Dr. J.P. Kennedy, another pioneer in Polymer Science served as his co-author on a number of these publications. 

Butyl rubber was developed by the research department of Standard Oil Company [4], New Jersey in the 1930s which later became a constituent of the Exxon Corporation. 

Catalyst Research Associates (CRA) was formed. The original CRA members were Standard of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard of Indiana (Amoco), Anglo Iranian Oil Company (BP Oil), The Texas Company (Texaco), Royal Dutch Shell, Universal Oil Products (UOP), The M.W. Kellogg Company, and I.G. Farben (dropped in 1940). 

Two months after Ethyl Corporation s formation, however, the infant company was threatened with extinction. One day Ernest Oelgert, a worker in a pilot tetraethyl lead factory in Elizabeth, New Jersey, became delirious and screamed that three figures were coming at him. Later that day Standard Oil of New Jersey, which operated the factory, also sent home ill William McSweeney, a former general in the Irish Republican Army. The next morning McSweeney s sister-in-law had to summon a policeman, who needed... 

George Sweet Gibb and Evelyn H. Knowlton. The Resurgent Years History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) 1911-1927. New York Harper Bros. 1956. Source for development of TEL process DuPont department heads meet and Teagle warned. 

Mountain states), Chevron (Standard of California), Exxon (from Standard of New Jersey), Sohio (Standard of Ohio), Marathon (covering western Ohio and other parts of Ohio not covered by Sohio), and Mobil (Standard of New York). These companies, derived from the Standard Oil Co., formed an original oil industry map in US, but that map no longer exist, rather the merging and acquisition processes reduced all them into four of the seven majors (ExxonMobil, ChevronTexaco, ConocoPhillips, and BP America). 

During the war, an article written by R. T. Haslam of the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) appeared in the American magazine Petroleum Times. Haslam attempted to justify the dealings between Standard Oil and Farben with the argument that Standard Oil had gotten the best of the deal. 

In the 1930s, Standard Oil of New Jersey (7) was the first company to employ on a commercial scale the indirect conversion of methane, the main component of natural gas, via steam reforming to give synthesis gas, which is a mixture of H2 and CO, with the H2/CO ratio depending on the reactant composition. C02 is also formed in synthesis gas production, and sulfur compounds are present as impurities. Synthesis gas can be used as a feedstock for numerous chemicals and fuels and as a source of pure hydrogen or carbon monoxide. 

Butyl rubber was discovered by R.M. Thomas and W.J. Sparks in 1937, and was developed by the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) and was part of an exchange of information between the German chemical giant LG. Farbenindustrie AG and Standard Oil. 

In the fall of 1938, eight companies (Standard Oil of New Jersey, Standard of Indiana, Texas Company, Shell, Anglo-Iranian, M. W. Kellogg, Universal Oil Products, and I. G. Farben) organized a consortium, Catalytic Research... 

The timing of the petroleum companies entry into the chemical industry determined their long-term position in the industry. The four that commercialized petrochemicals before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor— Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon by 1993), Shell, Standard Oil of California (Chevron by 1993), and Phillips—were the first movers. By the 1950s they had become the leaders in the basic feedstocks and commodity polymers such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Those companies that entered after 1941 achieved success by focusing on specific niche products in the manner of the smaller U.S. companies. As shown in Table 1.1, these include Arco (Atlantic Refining Company), Amoco (Standard Oil of Indiana), Ashland, and BP America (acquirer of Standard Oil of Ohio). 

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