The Texas Company

Catalyst Research Associates (CRA) was formed. The original CRA members were Standard of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard of Indiana (Amoco), Anglo Iranian Oil Company (BP Oil), The Texas Company (Texaco), Royal Dutch Shell, Universal Oil Products (UOP), The M.W. Kellogg Company, and I.G. Farben (dropped in 1940). 

Doss, M.P. 1952. Properties of the Principal Fats, Fatty Oils, Waxes, Fatty Acids, and Their Salts. The Texas Company, New York. 

Hydrocarbon Research Inc., elected partial oxidation for the Carthage Hydrocol plant at Brownsville. After initial experiments that Hydrocarbon Research conducted at Olean, New York, The Texas Company assumed responsibility for further development of partial oxidation at its Montebello, California, laboratory, under duBois ( Dubie ) Eastman. For conversion of natural gas to gasoline by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, partial oxidation s advantage over steam-methane reforming lay in its ability to operate at a pressure approximating that of the synthesis, thereby essentially eliminating need for compression of synthesis gas. 

A second process using complex as the catalyst was independently developed by the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) and by the Texas Company (25,26). A simplified flow diagram of this liquid-phase process is shown in Figure 17. A portion of the dried and heated feed passes through a saturator where aluminum chloride is picked up in accordance with the solubility curve shown in Figure 8. The total feed combined with re( y< le hydrogen chloride enters the bottom of the reactor and... 

In the fluid-catalyst process, finely divided catalyst powder is continuously circulated from reactor to regenerator and back again without mechanical means. The fluid process was originated by the Standard Oil Development Company, the research organization of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in collaboration with The M. W. Kellogg Company and Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Other companies participating in the development were Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Ltd., Shell Oil Company, The Texas Company, and Universal Oil Products Company. This process was first announced in 1941 (48). 

Dr. Kuhn of The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. was the Chairman of the Advisory Committee of Project 44 from its inception in 1942 until January 1, 1953. His work was outstanding, and he gave unstintingly of his time and energy during his years as... 

Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois W. A. Pliskin, The Texas Company, Beacon, New York... 

Partial Oxidation or Oxygen Reforming. The third.of the above processes available for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons is that of partial oxidation. This relatively new process developed by The Texas Company is economically competitive with or superior to steam reforming because of the development in recent years of low-cost oxygen. About ten syn-... 

Potential competing processes existed in 1912, and more arose very quickly. Two dominant alternatives to the Burton process were the Dubbs and the Holmes-Manley thermal processes and two similar catalytic processes advanced by the Texas Company (Texaco) and by Gulf Refining (Gulf and Texaco are now incorporated into Chevron). 

By 1914, George W. Gray, employed by The Texas Company, had developed a process known as A1C13, because it was based upon anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst (I). Thus, 5 wt.% of the catalyst was heated with dry petroleum distillate and 15 to 60% gasoline fraction was obtained, depending upon the source of the feedstock. The Texas Company did not commercialize the process because of the high cost of the catalyst and their inability to recover and recycle the anhydrous catalyst. 

Dr. Aimer M. McAfee, a Texan who graduated from the University of Texas in 1908 and from Columbia University with a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1911, joined The Texas Company in 1912 and a year later changed employment to the Gulf Oil Corp. McAfee was not enamored by thermal cracking, as the following illustrates (21) ... 

J.M. Smith was in charge of a variety of research projects. Studies of temperature gradients in continuous gas-solid catalytic reactors were supported by Petroleum Research Foundation (PRF), whereas from 1946 until 1950 the Research Cotrell Corporation supported his work on heat and mass transfer in fluidized gas-solid systems, and after 1950 his work on flow in fluidized systems. The Engineering Experimental Station was the sponsor of Smith s work on vapor-phase hydration of ethylene oxide, and in 1947 the Texas Company gave him a grant for the study of the radial temperature gradients of gas-solid catalytic converters. Finally, his studies on the reaction of sulfur vapor and methane were sponsored by the Eastman Kodak Company and the Pure Oil Company. 

MacCoull, N., Lubrication, The Texas Company, New York, June 1921, p. 1927 International Critical Tables, p. 147. 

M.P Doss, Physical Constants of the Principal Hydrocarbons, The Texas Company, Third Edition,... 

Tables 5-2 and 5-3 give critical data by which reduced conditions can be computed. Many of the data were taken from Physical Constants of the Principal Hydrocarbons by the technical staff of The Texas Company.

Detonation Characteristics. The octane numbers of many hydrocarbons are shown in Table 5-9. Many of the data were taken from the excellent Physical Constants of the Principle Hydrocarbons, compiled by the Technical and Research Dividon of The Texas Company (1942). In parentheses are shown blending octane numbers, and in general, the blending octane numbers by the Research method are higher than by the Motor method of test. 

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