Anglo-Iranian Oil

Catalyst Research Associates (CRA) was formed. The original CRA members were Standard of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard of Indiana (Amoco), Anglo Iranian Oil Company (BP Oil), The Texas Company (Texaco), Royal Dutch Shell, Universal Oil Products (UOP), The M.W. Kellogg Company, and I.G. Farben (dropped in 1940). 

Anglo-Jersey A paraffin isomerization process, catalysed by aluminum trichloride supported on bauxite. Developed by the Anglo Iranian Oil Company and Standard Oil Development Company. 

Autofining A fixed-bed catalytic process for removing sulfur compounds from petroleum distillates. This process uses a conventional cobalt/molybdenum hydrodesulfurization catalyst but does not require additional hydrogen. Developed by The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1948. 

The other vapor-phase butane isomerization process, developed cooperatively by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. and the Standard Oil Development Co., is somewhat similar to the Isocel process. In the AIOC-Jersey process (18), the reactor is initially filled with bauxite, and aluminum chloride is sublimed into the vaporized feed as necessary to maintain the desired catalyst activity. Upflow of vapor through the reactor is the customary arrangement. Since carry-over of aluminum chloride is not excessive at the usual rates of catalyst addition, about half of the commercial plants employing this process were not equipped with guard chambers. 

The other vapor-phase butane-isomerization process was developed cooperatively by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Standard Oil Development Company. It is similar to the Isocel process, but it turns the volatility of aluminum chloride from a liability into an asset. The first plant was put into operation in October, 1942. This process is described (18) by the simplified flow diagram shown in Figure 15. 

In the fluid-catalyst process, finely divided catalyst powder is continuously circulated from reactor to regenerator and back again without mechanical means. The fluid process was originated by the Standard Oil Development Company, the research organization of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in collaboration with The M. W. Kellogg Company and Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Other companies participating in the development were Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Ltd., Shell Oil Company, The Texas Company, and Universal Oil Products Company. This process was first announced in 1941 (48). 

The azeotrope formation between sulfur compounds, thiols, alkane disulfides, and thiophenes, and petroleum hydrocarbons have been extensively studied by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. the results have been published in several papers (87, 88). Research workers of this company have also secured data on vapor-temperature relationships of sulfur compounds (110). 

Petroleum Companies. Some of the major petroleum companies are carrying on extensive research programs on problems associated with the presence of sulfur in petroleum and as a product of this research some information on the availability of sulfur compounds derivable from petroleum has been obtained. While much of this information is of necessity confidential, some portion of it is eventually presented at American Chemical Society meetings or is published in the chemical literature. Although no attempt can be made to name all the companies carrying on work of this sort, there have been recent contributions by research workers from Phillips Petroleum Company, Standard Oil Development Company, Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Union Oil Company, and Standard Oil Company (Indiana). 

By the time Greenway retired as chairman in March 1927, he had realized his main strategic goal of establishing Anglo-Persian as one of the world s largest oil companies, with a substantial presence in all phases of the industry. In 1935, the company was renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. 

In 1938, the Jersey formed a consortium of eight companies, which was named the Catalytic Research Associates, or CRA, with a charter to develop a catalytic cracking process which would operate outside of Houdiy s patents. These initial eight companies included Jersey, M.W. Kellogg Co., Royal Dutch Shell, the Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. (today s BP), Universal Oil Products Co. (today s UOP), the Texas Corp. (which would become Texaco) and IG Farben (which was eventually dropped in 1940). Over 1000 professionals were employed to develop the FCC process during the course of time in which the CRA consortium was in existence. 

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