Stand oil

Stand-kugel, /. stationary bulb, -morser, m. a heavy mortar with a firm base, -dl, n. stand oil, lithographic oil (made by heating linseed oil), -ort, m. n. station, stand location, site (Sot.) habitat, -punkt, m. standpoint standard, -rohr, n. standpipe, vertical pipe, -sicherheit, /. stability, -tropfglas, n. dropping bottle. -verlust, m. storage loss. -wa(a)ge,/. platform balance or scales, -zy-linder, m. a standing cylindrical vessel, cylinder,... 

Blown oils differ from stand oils in that they are partially oxidised in addition to being polymerised. The oxidation is achieved by blowing air through the heated oil. This treatment results in a product having poor drying properties, and blown oils are therefore effective plasticisers and are used as such in nitrocellulose finishes. 

Raw linseed oil Boiled linseed oil Stand oils Air drying Oxidative polymerisation Aliphatic hydrocarbons Fair Bad Fair Poor Poor/fair Binder for anticorrosive primers for wire-bushed steel Slow drying... 

When heating treatments are applied to obtain stand oils, the following chemical modifications are likely to occur cross-linking of triacylglycerols, isomerization of double bonds, and formation of dimers through Diels-Alder cyclization [50,51]. As a result of double bond isomerization, the amounts of suberic and sebacic acids increase with respect to azelaic acid. Consequently, the ratio of suberic acid to azelaic acid may help to indicate a pre-polymerized oil [52,53]. 

Intermolecular metathesis of linseed and soybean oils, which are triglycerides of linoleic and linolenic acids, offers an alternative method of upgrading these drying oils into stand oils by a net increase of their molecular weights. 

For pressure lubricated bearings, test stand oil filtration shall be 25 pm nominal or finer. Oil system components downstream of the filters shall meet the following cleanhness requirements ... 

Prepared by diluting the clear supernatant from a centrifuged (10,000 r.p.m., 10 minutes). r>0% solution. On mixing. r> ml. of the 2f>% solution with 10 ml. of methanol and 200 ml. of ethanol there should be no visible turbidity after one hour standing oil iee. 

Production of alkyd resins began in 1930. They owe their importance to their universal applicability. In the architectural coatings sector, alkyd resins replaced stand oils on account of their faster drying and curing rates as well as their better film hardness and gloss retention. 

A rather different approach is used to make stand oils or heat-bodied... 

Since the weaker ether and peroxide links are excluded, stand oils are more durable and lighter in colour. The body gives fuller films with higher gloss. 

In addition to the above, there are other industrially modified or pretreated vegetable oils. These are blown oil, boiled oil and stand oU. Blown oils are made by blowing air through the oU at a temperature between 95 and 120°C, depending on the iodine value of the oil. As the durability of films of such oils is poor, they are mainly used in oiled fabrics, lithographic varnishes, pigment grinding aids, and so on. Boiled oils are not actually boiled, rather they are dried (cross-linked) by an oxidative polymerisation process in the presence of an appropriate type and dose of drier at a specified temperature for 8-16 hours. They are mainly used in oil paints, enamels and oil-based primers. Stand oils are the heat bodied or polymerised oils... 

The USA is the largest producer of tobacco seed oil, the second largest being India. Tobacco seed is a by-product of tobacco production and the oil is free from nicotine and other harmful substances. It is a semi-drying oil. Tobacco seed oil polymerises rapidly, is air drying and stoves faster than soybean oil, although it is inferior to linseed oil in this respect. The blown oil and stand oils of tobacco seed oil behave similarly to linseed oil. Its non-yellowing property it is similar or better than those of safflower and soybean oil. 

It was realized by the 1930s that rather than use a thin natural oil, a better product could be obtained if the oil were first heat-thickened. Less oxidation of the film was then required for conversion to the solid gel stage. These heat-thickened oils were known as stand oils and a temperature of about 300 was required for the thickening process. 

White lead was not so suitable with the stand oils but good results were obtained with zinc oxide. The zinc oxide stand oil paints were harder and glossier than the old oil paints and were called enamels, the term unfortunately creating confusion with the established vitreous enamels. 

On heating non-conjugated drying oils such as linseed oil at temperatures around 300 °C polymerization occurs and the resulting stand oils have superior properties as paint oils. 

See blown bitumen, blown castor oil, blown oil, and blown stand oil. 

Bodied oil n. In the strictest sense of the term, this is a drying oil which has been heat polymerized. The term is also used more broadly to describe drying oils which have viscosities greater than those of the oils in their natural condition, irrespective of how the increased viscosity is attained, e.g., blown oil or stand oil. 

Perilla oil p9- ri-l9 (1917) n. A drying oil obtained from the seed of the perilla plants, Perilla ocymoides and Perilla nankinensis, natives of the Orient. Its main constituent acids are linoleic and linolenic, and it has the highest iodine value of all known vegetable oils except chia. It is superior to linseed oil, both from the point of view of drying rate, especially in the form of stand oil, and also of polymerization rate. Sp gr, 0.933-0.937 per 15°C iodine value, 194, saponification value, 192. Paint pigment, drying oils, polymers, resins, naval stores, cellulosics esters, and ink vehicles, vol 3. American Society for Testing and Material, Philadelphia, PA, 2001. 

Tekaol n. Linseed stand oil from which the low-polymerized (saturated) highly dispersed phase has been removed. 

A well recognized approach is used to make stand oils or heat-bodied oils. Conjugated oils are bodied or polymerized rapidly at 200-260 °C, while non-conjugated oils body more slowly at 260-290 °C. Stand oils contain mainly carbon-carbon linkages. In conjugated oils these are formed by the reaction known as the Diels-Alder reaction ... 

Flexible Connections. Flexible connections designed to handle hot lubricating oil at pressures up to 100 Ib/in (690 kPa) should be used between the engine and the free-standing oil filter. Position the connections as close to the engine as possible. Supports should be added under the oil filter lines to minimize vibration and prevent breakage. 

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