Storage loss

Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be successfully stored for up to 6 to 12 months, if held at temperatures between 0 and 2°C and a high relative humidity. Success is highly cultivar dependent, with some cultivars being much more susceptible to storage losses (Steinbauer, 1932). With low humidity, the tubers shrivel readily and are more likely to decay than if kept in a moist atmosphere. While stored tubers have relatively low respiratory rates when held at low temperature (Table 13.1) (Peiris et al 1997), there is a slow but progressive loss in dry matter due to respiration (e.g., 16.2 gTOO kg1 day1 at 0°C). Likewise, the tubers produce heat (vital or respiratory heat, e.g., Ill J kg1 h 1 at 0°C), which must be removed if the product temperature is to be maintained at the desired level. 

Respiratory Rate and Vital Heat of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers at Various Storage Temperatures 

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Although Hquid carboa dioxide may be stored without loss ia tanks and cylinders, dry ice undergoes continuous loss ia storage because of sublimatioa. This loss can be minimised by keeping the dry ice ia iasulated boxes or bias. Special iasulated rail cars and tmcks are used for hauling dry-ice blocks. Most plants produce the material at the time it is sold to avoid storage losses and rehandling costs. 

The solubility of a gas generally decreases with any increase in temperature. So, if a solution in a closed receptacle is heated above the filling temperature during transport or storage, loss of gas can result on opening or liquid discharge. 

Stand-kugel, /. stationary bulb, -morser, m. a heavy mortar with a firm base, -dl, n. stand oil, lithographic oil (made by heating linseed oil), -ort, m. n. station, stand location, site (Sot.) habitat, -punkt, m. standpoint standard, -rohr, n. standpipe, vertical pipe, -sicherheit, /. stability, -tropfglas, n. dropping bottle. -verlust, m. storage loss. -wa(a)ge,/. platform balance or scales, -zy-linder, m. a standing cylindrical vessel, cylinder,... 

The monitored thermal behavior of the storage indicate storage losses that are less then 5% over a period of 4 months. This is in accordance with the predicted losses. 

Pantenius, C.U. 1988. Storage losses in traditional maize granaries in Togo. Insect Sci. Applic. 9,... 

Rastovski, A. (1987a). Storage losses. In A. Rastovski, A. vanEs (Eds.), Storage of potatoes (pp. 177-180). PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 

Unlike spiked penicillin G, incurred residues in bovine plasma showed a slower rate of degradation. The half-life was estimated at 276 days for storage at 20 C (24). Further experimentation showed that incurred residues in tissues stored at 20 C decreased more rapidly than in plasma. Losses of up to 20% were observed in kidney and liver samples stored at 20 C after as little as 10 days of storage. On the other hand, gluteal muscle samples stored at the same temperature showed within 10 days of storage losses of nearly 50% of the initial residue present. However, penicillin G residues in tissue samples stored at 76 C remained stable. 

HTST pasteurization cause similar losses of these vitamins, which are less than those caused by conventional sterilization and drum drying. Deaeration before heat processing stabilizes the water-soluble vitamins against heat-induced destruction and storage loss. 

Fig. 2.67 Storage, loss modulus and loss tangent for ( ) PIPI, and (o) PIBI as a function of the temperature at 1 Hz. (From ref. [238])...

Gray mold rot is caused by Botrytis cinerea, which results in a pale brown discoloration and sunken lesions on the tuber surface. At high relative humidities, the surface becomes covered with white mycelium and subsequently with gray-brown spores (Johnson, 1931). The interior of the tubers discolors and softens. The organism can cause serious storage losses even at low temperatures. 

Analysis of the randomized samples stored for 14 days at room temperature gave an average recovery of 95.4 + 6.3%-Theaverage recovery was 105.6 + 9.4 after 7 days storage and 109.4 + 8.0 after 1 day of storage. The storage loss between day 1 and day 14, about 14, indicates that analysis should be done as soon as possible after sampling for vinyl acetate. The... 

Figure 5.25. Hydrogen derived from fossil energy, to be used for covering half the needs in the transportation sector (using PEM fuel cells) and all requirements for medium- and high-temperature process heat (using hydrogen furnaces), after transmission and storage losses. The figure shows average flows in W per m of land area for each country (from Sorensen, 1999).

The extrachromosomal nature of lividomycin resistance has not been proved conclusively. However, on storage loss of resistance to lividomycin along with inactivating enzyme from strains of Ps. aeruginosa occurs [198]. 

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