Stability high explosives

Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives , Second Revision, NAVORD 87-46 (July 1946) 16) W.R. Tomlinson, Jr L.H. Eriksen, Stability Tests of Aluminized Explosives , PATR 1635 (21 Oct 1946) 17) A.N. Campbell ... 

J.C. Dacons, The Relationship of Thermal Stability With Structure of Organic High Explosives, I. Trinitrophenyl Derivatives With One Alpha C-H Linkage , NAVORD. NOLTR-62-192, AD 334079L (1962) 128) K.K. Andreev,... 

Note A PTX-4 compn, prepd by the addition of Haleite to 30/70 Pentolite, also offered promise, but because of borderline stability in accelerated stability tests, it was decided that PTX-4 must be proven by long term storage to be acceptable for use in standard ammo Refs 1) W.R. Tomlinson, Properties of Ternary Mixtures of High Explosives PATR 1414 (1944) 2) A.J. Phillips, The Manufacture of... 

As shown in the introduction, the DNM anion can be regarded as a resonance stabilized, nonlinear planar pseudohalide, which forms an insoluble, highly explosive brownish silver salt upon addition of silver nitrate to an aqueous solution of 7. The DNM anion is related to the linear fulminate ion (CNO ) and can formally be regarded as the addition product of NO to fulminic acid (HCNO). Starting from CH4, NO containing nonlinear pseudohalides can be derived by successive substitution of H by NO, e.g. H3C(NO)/H2C(NO), H2C(N0)2/HC(N0)2 and HC(NO)3/C(NO)3, whereas the linear pseudohalide CNO is formally formed by replacing three H atoms by one NO unit and deprotonation. 

High-Explosive-Antitank (HEAT).. This is a special HE type, the effect of which derives from its shaped charge. The metal cone which shapes the charge, standoff (provided by projectile design), fuze action, and rotation affect depth of penetration. In high-velocity HEAT rounds, greater penetration is achieved with fin-stabilization and spin-compensation... 

Haid, Becker and Dittmar Stability Test (Designed for high explosives). 42g of powdered explosive, previously dried over phosphorous pentoxide, is introduced through a side tube into a glass vessel connected with a manometer which is in the form of a U-tube and contains mercury covered with a layer of paraffin oil. The glass vessel is also fitted with a side tap. The ensemble is heated at 75° for several hours and pressures are recorded in mm of Hg as a function of time. The steeper the pressure-time curve the less stable is the explosive... 

Inert Simulants for High Explosives. In certain physical tests on weapons explosives, eg the effects of humidity and temp cycling on the dimensional stability of the weapon, it is desirable to simulate the explosive filler by an inert filler. Many such inert simulants have been proposed and tested (Refs 1, 2 3). Simulants for Comp B TNT have been patented (Ref 4). The simulant for Comp B consists of a mixt of 30% of 1,2 hydroxystearic acid, 5% wood rosin 65% dead-burned gypsum. The simulant for TNT is a 40/60 mixt of hydroxystearic acid dead-burned gypsum... 

Secondary high explosive, Main charge in many military munitions Secondary high explosive Blister agent Blister agent Violent irritant Violent irritant Nerve agent Fuel, Stabilizer Blister agent... 

KL) Anon, "Military Explosives", TM 9-1300-214/TO 11A-1-34 (1967). Chapter 5. Properties and Tests of High Explosives Sensitivity to Frictional Impact (pp 5 1 to 5-3) Sensitivity to Friction (5 3 to 5-6) Sensitivity to Frictional Impact (5-6) Sensitivity to Heat and Spark, which includes Explosion Temperature Test (5-6 to 5-9) Sensitivity to Initiation (5-9) Stability Tests, which include 75° International Test, 100° Heat Test, Vacuum Stability Test and Potassium Iodide—Starch Test (5 9 to 5-15) Brisance Tests which include Sand Test, Plate Dent Test and Fragmentation Test (5 15 to 5-18 and Fig 5 13 on p 5-19) Initiating Value (5-18 5-20) Sympathetic Detonation (5-20 to 5-21) Power which includes Heat of Explosion Test, Ballistic Pendulum Test and Trauzl Lead Block Test (5-21. to 5-24) Blast Effect (5-24 to 5-27) Cratering Effect (5-28 5 29) and Munroe-Neumann Effect (5-29 to 5 35)... 

Stability. Highly flammable flash point, 20 °C (closed cup) (Budavari, 1998) explosive limits, 12.4% (upper), 1.8% (lower) by volume in air (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1999)... 

Cyclonite is a very important explosive. The outstanding properties of RDX as an explosive are high chemical stability, not much lower than aromatic nitro compounds and high explosive power which considerably surpasses that of aromatic nitro compounds such as TNT and picric acid. RDX has a detonation velocity of8600 ms"1 and a detonation pressure of 33.8 GPa at a density of 1.77 gem"3. RDX is used in mixtures with TNT (Hexotols, Cyclotols, Compn. B) wax (Composition A) aluminum (Hexals) aluminum and TNT (HBX, Hexotonal, Torpex) etc. 

The high stability of TATB favors its use in military and civilian applications where insensitive high explosives are required. In addition to its applications as a HE, TATB is also used to produce the important intermediate benzenehexamine which has been used in the preparation of ferromagnetic organic salts and in the synthesis of new heteropolycyclic molecule such as 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenyl-ene (HAT) that serves as a strong electron acceptor ligand for low-valence transition metals. 

In the compatibility test, 5.0 0.05 g of an explosive is thoroughly mixed with 0.5 0.05 g of finely ground polymer or contact material and the mixture is subjected to vacuum stability test. This experiment is also repeated with explosive and polymer or contact material separately. Most of the time, a temperature of 120 °C is used for high explosives and period of heating is limited to 40 h. The volume of gas (V, cm3) evolved by the mixture in excess of the volume of gas evolved by individual materials is calculated by Equation 3.2 ... 

T. Urbanski and Magiera have found that this compound had similar explosive properties, low chemical stability, high sensitiveness to shock, and produced a large expansion in the lead block (440 cm3). 

Ammonium nitrate is the most readily available and cheapest salt of nitric acid, now manufactured wholly from synthetic ammonia and from nitric acid obtained by oxidation of ammonia. Ammonium nitrate was prepared for the first time as early as in 1659 by Glauber. The original experiments with it as a component of explosive mixtures began in the second half of the nineteenth century. Ammonium nitrate is the most widely used oxygen carrier, since it is an ingredient of the commonest group of high explosives. The reasons for this are to be seen in its properties and those of its explosive mixtures appreciable chemical stability, and low sensitiveness to friction and to shock. 

This substance is considered to be a powerful expl and of excellent stability. It may be of interest to workers in the field of pure high explosives... 

The stability of org peroxides (such as acetyl benzoyl peroxide) is greatly increased by prepg a soln of the peroxide in at least 25% by wt of the esters of phthalic acid (such as di-Me or de-Et phthalate)] 14)H-A. Aaronson, "Desensitization of High Explosives by Waxes, Semi-Plastic RDX Compositions , PATR 1761 (1950) (A number of commercially... 

Figure 65. Fred Olsen. Has done important work on cellulose and has made many improvements in detonating explosives, high explosives, and smokeless powder in particular, has invented processes for the quick stabilization of nitrocellulose and for the production of ball-grain powder. Chief of Chemical Research, Aetna Explosives Company, 1917-1919 Chemical Adviser, Picatinny Arsenal, 1919-1928 Technical Director, Western Cartridge Company, 1929—.

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