Spruce, blue

SPRUCE, blue P. pungens Engelm.) SPRUCE, Norway P. abies [L.] Karst.) SPRUCE, white P. glauca [Moench.]... 

Cell walls in the necrotic tissue of these wounds were browned. Staining with diazotized Q-tolidine and toluidine blue confirmed the polypheno-lic nature of these brown depositions, which may have resulted from the polymerization of the stilbenes present in large quantities in spruce bark. Phenolic residues were deposited on the walls of certain cells internal to the necrotic tissues by 10 days after wounding. By 36 days these cells had become thick-walled. The precise nature of substances responsible for this thickening has not been determined, variable responses being obtained with histochemical tests for lignin (cf. Table I). Suberin was detectable in cells immediately underlying the thick walled cells, which corresponded to the... 

Lignified tissues give color reactions with several alcohols and ketones in the presence of small amounts of mineral acids (Brauns 1952). For example, methanol- or acetone-hydrochloric acid forms a red color on contact with spruce wood amyl alcohol-sulfuric acid gives a blue color and methylheptenone, (CH3)2C=CHCH2CH2COCH3, a purple-red color when applied to spruce wood. 

Coniferin is a glucoside, occuring in the cell sap of the spruce, pine, and other plants of the Conifem. If sections containing- it are first treated with a solution of phenol and then with sulphuric acid, the cells containing it take on a deep blue color. 

Control Shrews, viral diseases, predators, and parasites generally suppress populations. Spread dropcioths under trees to collect, and destroy larvae as they drop to the ground. Apply superior oil to trees. (Note Oil on blue spruce damages foliage.)... 

The expressions are functionally similar to those derived from under canopy flow. Artificial plastic trees were selected by Meroney [410] to reproduce the median behavior of measurements made about live trees (Colorado Blue Spruce, Juniper, Pine, and... 

Chloride flux assay. Synaptic vesicles were prepared from brains of male ICR gice (20-30 g Blue Spruce Farms, Altamont, NY) (15) Assays of °C1 uptake involved preincubation (10-20 min) of vesicles with carrier solvent (ethanol or acetone, 0.5-1 yl) or insecticide, followed by incubation (4 sec) with bCl with or without GABA or added insecticides and isolation of labelled vesicles by rapid vacuum filtration. Detailed descriptions of the assay are published elsewhere ( 15,1 7) Abamectin stock solutions were prepared in absolute ethanol in silanized glass vials Abamectin in ethanol (1 yl) was added to give concentrations of 3 nM-3 yM in a final volume of 200 yl of vesicle suspension during preincubation or 3 yM in a final volume of 200 yl of bCl uptake medium. 

Preparation of synaptosomes. Synaptosomes were prepared from the brains of male mice (20-30 g Blue Spruce Farms, Altamont, NY) either by a modification of the method of Hajos (8) or by the method of Dodd et al. (9). Both preparations gave qualitatively similar results, but the magnitude of all sodium fluxes per mg of synaptosomal protein was much greater with the latter preparation. A preparation enriched in synaptosomes was prepared from the brains of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri obtained from the New York State Fish Hatchery, Bath, NY) by homogenization in 14 volumes of 0.7 M sucrose, and centrifugation first at 2000 for 10 min and then at 31000 for 30 min. The pellet from the second centrifugation was resuspended in sodium-free buffer identical to that used in previous studies (7) except that it also contained 370 mM sucrose. 

But that was thirty years and many seventy-hour workweeks ago, and today she had come to sell ideas, not products. Her company wasn t small anymore. It had become a 60-million-dollar-a-year enterprise, the leader in natural personal care products such as shampoos, salves, and her trademark lip balm, featuring the funny little pen-and-ink drawing of a sharp-nosed, bearded fellow in a railroad cap Burt, a melding of myth, man, and marketing that took off in a way no one could have predicted. In the last few years she had cashed in and turned her formidable and iconoclastic business skills—not to mention a few hundred million dollars—in another direction, conservation. Her focus was to chart a possible future for the immense Maine Woods in which spruce, pine, and icy blue lakes prowled by moose and lynx and loon would trump the real estate investors vision of resorts, golf courses, and suburban homes on clear-cut lands. 

There were parallel enhancement effects of FVCL-9 on total Chi accumulation and on biomass gains. Similar efects have been observed in DCPTA-treated blue spruce Pices pungens) (25) and sugar beet (IS). These results indicated that PBRs have an influence on the photosynthetic capacity of crop plants. 

Besides blue-stain, a red stain haB been very commonly found on Sitka spruce airplane lumber. It occurred abundantly in the EaBt on stock in cars just arrived from toe Pacific coast and also developed... 

Fig. 1.2 External resin flow on a ca. 30-year-old Norway spruce clone after application of methyl jasmonate (100 mM in 0.1% Tween 20) and subsequent inoculation with the blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica.

Fig. 1.3 Symptoms of fungal infection in Norway spruce after massive inoculation with the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. In areas that have been successfully colonized by the fungus the phloem and cambial areas are necrotic and the sapwood is blue-stained (arrowheads).

CHRISTIANSEN, E., SOLHEIM, H., The bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungus Ophiostoma polonicum can kill various spruces and Douglas-fir., Eur. J. For. Pathol., 1990,20,436-446. 

Fig. 11. The distribution of proper ecological characters of the alliance of Pinus (red), Picea (green) or Fagion (blue), following the above mentioned formula, within each surveyed tessera of spruce forest.

Woodmeal, Woodmeal has been used as an adsorbent for basic and acid dyes. The uptake of acid dye Telon Blue 25 is shown for Sitka spruce wood in Fig. 15.7 (McKay and Mc-Convey, 1981, 1985). The results show that spruce wood does have an affinity for basic dyes, although this is much less than for active carbons, peats, and lignite. Figure 15.7 also... 

Substances hRf-range Colour reaction with Fast Blue Salt B Lignins of Beech Poplar spruce Pine... 

Fig. 6. Thermofractogram of 2 mg spruce lignin. The colours are obtained after spraying with Fast Blue Salt B. The numtos refer to the substances in Table 2. V = reference solution. For further details see ...

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