SPROUT system

Other systems, in which the sprouts are grown in a tank and submerged in water at intervals of several hours, are used often for commercial production of sprouts for food. Light and aeration conditions are not fully uniform in such systems, because inside the sprout mass less light is available. The use of light-inducible promoters clearly demands another kind of sprouting system. 

Oilcrops Oilseed rape, safflower, Camelina sativa Oil-body purification, sprouting system Lower biomass yields, oil bodies incompatible with glycosylation... 

Antiepileptics are used in neuropathic pain resulting from lesions to the peripheral (e.g., diabetes, heipes) or central nervous system (e.g., stroke). Such syndromes have been attributed to ectopic activity in sensitized nociceptors from regenerating nerve sprouts, recruitment of previously silent nociceptors, and/or spontaneous neuronal activity. This may result in sensitization... 

Oilseed rape has been selected as the model plant for our production system because of its high protein content, rapid sprouting, large number of seeds, efficient... 

Several methods for seed sprouting have been investigated. Microbial contamination has been a problem in solid-state systems under humid conditions in which wet matrix, like sand, glass wool or peat, have been used. Also, the initiation of germination has not been fully synchronized. Continuous spraying with water reduces microbial growth. 

In our case, sprouting in an effectively aerated water medium was selected as the sprouting method of choice. In our system the sprouts are moving and circulating vigorously with the water flow. Effective aeration is necessary seeds submerged in water without aeration do not sprout and eventually die. Normal tap water or reverse osmosis purified water (RO-water) can be used. 

An airlift tank of 1000-2000 L would be sufficient to sprout the 9000 kg of seeds produced per year in a 1-ha greenhouse. Experimentally, a 70-L airlift tank has been used and a few hundred kg of sprouts have been produced. In the food industry, sprouts are currently produced at the rate of 500 tons per year in the USA and 400 tons per year in Japan. The seeds are harvested easily and the volume of sprout material is manageable because harvesting whole plants is not necessary. This avoids the processing of large volumes of transgenic material. Characteristic benefits of our system in terms of large-scale production can be summarized as follows ... 

Sprouting technology is designed for the contained production of proteins. Safety and product quality are the main advantages of the system. Three complementary approaches have been adopted to ensure environmental safety during production. 

A forbidden period is also recommended for each systemic insecticide. During this period natural processes of detoxication are going on within the plant. This is different for each plant and depends upon the climate. Broadly speaking, for strawberries in the northern hemisphere during the summer, the recommended interval between spraying and harvesting of strawberries, brussels sprouts, fruit trees and hops is about 5 weeks. 

Seo et al. (1999) used a planar optic biosensor that measures the phase shift variation in refractive index due to antigen binding to antibody. In this method, they were able to detect S. enterica serovar T) himurium with a detection limit of 1 x 10 cfu/ml. When chicken carcass fluid was inoculated with 20 cfu/ml, the sensor was able to detect this pathogen after 12 h of nonselective enrichment. A compact fiber optic sensor was also used for detection of S. T) himurium at a detection limit of 1 X 10" cfu/ml (Zhou et al., 1997, 1998) however, its efficacy with food samples is unproven. Later, Kramer and Lim (2004) used the fiber optic sensor, RAPTOR , to detect this pathogen from spent irrigation water for alfalfa sprouts. They showed that the system can be used to detect Salmonella spiked at 50 cfu/g seeds. An evanescent wave-based multianalyte array biosensor (MAAB) was also employed for successful testing of chicken excreta and various food samples (sausage, cantaloupe, egg, sprout, and chicken carcass) for S. T) himurium (Taitt et ah, 2004). While some samples exhibited interference with the assay, overall, the detection limit for this system was reported to be 8 x 10 cfu/g. 

In Japan, where the use of chemical sprout suppressants is not permitted, commercial irradiation of potatoes has been introduced in 1973 in Shihoro, Hokkaido, where an industrial scale irradiator has been processing about 15,000-20,000 tons of potatoes armually [31,32]. The success of this system is due in large measure to careful handling of the product before and after treatment. 

Nestle M (1997) Broccoli sprouts as inducers of carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme systems Clinical, dietary, and policy implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 11 149-11 151. 

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