Spreadsheet introduction

The introduction of computers to many companies allows proprietary software to be used for layout design. Spreadsheet, mathematical modeling and computer-aided design (CAD) techniques are available and greatly assist the design process, and have added to the resources available to planners. However, the traditional scale models described above will still be useful to present the result to management and shop floor personnel. 

The recent introduction of inexpensive desktop computers has allowed their extensive use throughout many companies. The standard spreadsheet packages which accompany these machines enables the above data to be laid out in an interactive way, so that what if situations can be explored at the planning stage and the implications of, for example, market trends in the food industry, to be examined over the long term for its effect on the plant layout. The model may include a factor to take into account improvements in technology and working practices in both the office and factory. 

The spreadsheet in Figure 4-62 is heavily matrix based (see Chapter 2, for an introduction to basic matrix functions in Excel). It is the only way to keep the structure reasonably simple. The matrix C in cells A21 C31 is computed in the usual way, see equation (4.63) the parameters required to compute the concentration matrix are in cells Q4 S4, they include the initial concentration for species A and the two rate constants that are to be fitted. In cells E 16 018 the computation of the best absorptivity matrix A for any given concentration matrix C, is done as a matrix equation, as demonstrated in The Pseudo-Inverse in Excel (p.146). Similarly the matrix Ycaic in cells E21 031 is written as the matrix product CA. Even the calculation of the square sum of the residuals in cell R7 is written in a compact way, using the Excel function SUMXMY2, especially designed for this purpose. We refer to... 

After this short introduction, we demonstrate our CORA spreadsheet solution with a real-world example (Figure 6). 

After this introduction, we show the risk analysis system components, following the already described ISO 9000 2000 principles, and how we can model complex project management risks using them (Figure 7) (note that the active code spreadsheets and 3D objects are part of Ranky s eLibrary) [50-55]. 

The review process of filled-out spreadsheets will be in question from a regulation perspective. Incorrectly completed spreadsheets will normally be revised and reprinted. The first, incorrect version will be destroyed. An audit trail of the review process is not possible. This can be overcome by keeping the incorrect version(s). Another system to track the review process is the introduction of check boxes close to data-entry cells or columns on the spreadsheet that will demonstrate the correctness of the entry. It should be noted that the requirements for ER/ES compliance and for an appropriate audit trail is needed only if a spreadsheet is saved. If the PC is used as a typewriter, the requirements are not applicable. 

Kim, C. Introduction of Aquatic Chemistry in General Chemistry Curriculum Spreadsheet Calculation Approaches, J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1351-1352. JCE Web Ware 2003, http //www.jce.divched. org/JCEDLibAVebWare/collection/reviewed/WW020/ index.html... 

Applications of Microsoft Excel in Analytical Chemistry, a clear and concise companion to Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, eighth edition, and Analytical Chemistry, An Introduction, seventh edition, provides students and professors with a valuable resource of the most useful spreadsheet methods. Correlation of Spreadsheet Supplement to Texts. The following chart lists cross-references to Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Eighth Edition, and Analytical Chemistry An Introduction, Seventh Edition. 

Spreadsheets are created to facilitate computation. Commonly used mathematical operations (such as SIN, LOG, SQRT, and MINVERSE) are built-in as functions, and some more complicated procedures (e.g., Solver, Random Number Generation, Regression) are provided as macros. However, no spreadsheet maker can anticipate the needs of all possible users, and Excel therefore allows the introduction of so-called user-defined functions and macros. In section 9.2d we will describe some user-defined functions, while chapter 10 deals extensively with user-defined macros. However, beyond the simple exercises of section 10.1, it makes no sense to enter long macros by hand, and they are therefore provided in a web site from which they can be downloaded and stored onto your own computer disk or diskette. The web site also contains a sample file that is, likewise, larger than you might want to enter manually. 

We will now carry the above to its logical spreadsheet conclusion. The spreadsheet is there to make life easy for us in terms of mathematical manipulations, and three-quarters of a page of instructions to describe how to do it may not quite be your idea of making life easy. Touche. But this was only the introduction once we know how to make the spreadsheet propagate imprecision for us, we can encode this knowledge in a macro. That is what we have done, and have described in detail in chapter 10. The macro is called Propagation, and if you have downloaded the macros from the website (as described in section 1.13) you can nowuse that macro. Below we illustrate howto use Propagation. 

The concept of Fourier transformation is the representation of a time-domain function f(t) in the frequency domain as F(/), and vice versa. Such transformations are firmly based on human experience for instance, we hear sound as a sequential phenomenon (i.e., a function of time), yet the brain also analyzes it in terms of pitch, i.e., as a function of frequency. In our description of Fourier transformation we have kept the mathematics to a minimum, but instead have used graphics to demonstrate some of its main principles. Consider this, therefore, as a visual introduction to the topic, as a means to whet your appetite for it, to demonstrate its power, and to alert you to its limitations. With a fast and convenient Fourier transform macro, the method is now so easy to implement that we can use the spreadsheet to... 

Note that the version of VBA included with recent versions of Excel is a dialect of Visual BASIC. It is, at the same time, a subset and an extension, because it is specialized for use with a spreadsheet. Therefore, ifyouwantto learn more about VBA, consult books on VBA for Excel rather than those on Visual BASIC, because quite a few of the commands ofVisual BASIC do not exist in VBA, and vice versa. Of the many books available, useful early introductions are E. Boonin, UsingExcel Visual Basic for Applications, thefast and easy way to learn, Que (1996), and R. Jacobson, Microsoft Excel / Visual Basic, Step by Step, Microsoft Press (1995). As a general reference book use the Microsoft Excel / Visual Basic Programmer s Guide, Microsoft Press (1995). An extensive recent manual is J. Green, Excel 2000 VBA, Wrox Press (1999). Section 10.12 briefly summarizes the main syntactic features ofVBA. 

As our introduction to using a macro we will write several macros and see how they operate. As our first example we will take a highlighted cell and read the value it contains. Open a new spreadsheet, open the Visual Basic editor, insert a new module, and in it type ... 

The aim of this book, then, is to illustrate numerical applications rather than to explain fundamental concepts. Theory is mentioned only insofar as it is needed to define the nomenclature used, or to explain the approach taken. This book can therefore be used in conjunction with a regular textbook in analytical chemistry, in courses on quantitative or instrumental chemical analysis. It can also serve as a stand-alone introduction to modern spreadsheet use for students of chemistry and related scientific disciplines, provided they are already familiar with some of the underlying scientific concepts. Because of its emphasis on exercises, this book is also suitable for individual, home use. 

Dermot Diamond and Venita C. A. Hanratty, Spreadsheet Applications in Chemistry Using Microsoft Excel, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1997. This is a comprehensive introduction to the use of Excel for chemists. 

Often, the laws of chemical kinetics, expressed in terms of differential equations, can be considerably simplified by the introduction of dimensionless variables. We show examples of dimensionless variables with regard to chemical kinetics in Sect. 11.3.8. Nowadays systems of differential equations can be solved by the use of computer programs, even by a simple spreadsheet calculator. 

Once the program has run, which could take several seconds depending on the inputs, the result will be a text file consisting of a series of potential-flux data points. These data can be plotted in any spreadsheet or graphing program to yield a cyclic voltammogram. A brief introduction to C-p-h may be found in Appendix A. 

Most engineering students are familiar with the use of spreadsheets, but they may not be familiar with the power of spreadsheets when they are coupled with VBA. VBA is an extremely useful programming language for controlling spreadsheets. Word, and other Microsoft programs. This short introduction focuses on use of VBA for spreadsheet calculations. The particular exanple is binary distillation, but the VBA programming method is applicable to many of the separation methods in this book. Readers interested in more information on VBA are referred to Microsoft (1999) or McFedries (2004). 

A useful introduction to modeling reaction paths is Steinmann et al. (1994). They show that the reaction path for K-feldspar dissolution as projected in logaK+/ H+ versus logasi02(aj) space is highly dependent on the starting solution composition, and that with certain assumptions, the path can be calculated using a spreadsheet. 

The old planning environment of Whirlpool was inadequate and planning tools did not go far beyond Excel spreadsheets. With the introduction of the S OP process, the company now has the ability to puU together the long- and short-term plans of marketing, sales, finance, logistics and manufacturing and produce forecasts that aU participants could base their operation plans on. 

Conipulcrs S.4 introduction to programming (any struc-tuiwt language) plus spreadsheets... 

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