Spills minor

Because dimethyl sulfate looks like water, operations are preferably not performed when water is present, eg, wet floors or rain. Any spills or leaks should not be left unattended they should be contained, and mnoff to sewers should be avoided. Minor spills should be flooded with water to dilute and hydroly2e the dimethyl sulfate. The area should then be covered with a dilute (2—5 wt %) caustic solution or a dilute (2—5 wt %) ammonia solution, or soda ash may be sprinkled over the neat liquid and the mix wetted with a gende spray of water. The neutrafi2ing agent should remain on the affected area for 24 h and then should be washed away. Only personnel wearing protective equipment should perform these operations. The product bulletins should be consulted for procedures to be followed for more severe spills. Concentrated ammonia should not be used with neat dimethyl sulfate because explosions have resulted after their contact (128). 

Routine operations of many ships have resulted in oil pollution. Cleaning up minor spills on deck and in the engine room is now treated very carefully. Fuel-oil and crude-oil tanks are cleaned from time to time. In the past the polluted oil-water mixture was dumped overboard, but now it must be pumped ashore for treatment. 

Oil spill-treating agents may be applied from boats, hydrofoils, aircraft, or helicopters in the case of large-scale pollution. For minor incidents such as car accidents, the application is done by hand. 

Very low. Even very small, repeated exposures of HD are cumulative in their effects or more than cumulative owing to sensitization. This has been shown in the postwar case histories of workers in mustard-filling plants. Exposure to vapors from spilled HD causes minor symptoms, such as "red eye." Repeated exposure to vapor causes 100% disability... 

Minor spills are soaked up with absorbent material and disposed of in drums. Equipment is washed with hot and/or cold water as necessary. 

Assuming that only 1% of the -hexane of motor fuels is released to environmental media, such releases could be on the same order of magnitude as the total amount of relatively pure -hexane associated with the major end-uses described in Chapter 4. In addition to emissions to the atmosphere, releases from heating and motor fuel uses to other environmental media are possible as a result of leaks and spills at refineries, pipelines, large tank batteries (or tank farms ), above- and below-ground storage tanks, tanker trucks and railroad tanker cars, or from minor releases at garages or around homes and workplaces. Crude oil spills also result in the release of -hexane to the air or other environmental media. 

Mass chromatography of mlz 146 and 148 and mlz 180 and 182 is shown to be highly selective for di- and trichlorobenzenes. These components are only present in relatively minor amounts. A mass chromatogram at mlz 88 showed the presence of the rather volatile compound dioxane. This sediment sample obviously is heavily polluted with non-biodegraded mineral oil fractions and a number of other components (i.e. stearic acid, chlorinated benzenes), which point to spills of numerous bulk chemicals. 

In other incidents, molten aluminum was accidentally spilled and contacted water or wet substrates. The reported damage varied from very minor to quite extensive. In all cases, the initial event was a sharp, local shock. The actual conditions (and quantities of metal and water involved) then seemed to dictate whether the overall incident was severe or mild. 

Several investigators studied R-12. Holt and Muenker (1972) and Rausch and Levine (1973) made simple spills of this cryogen into water. The highest water temperature used by both teams was —342 K and weak explosions were noted. From Table XVI, it can be seen that this water temperature was barely within the range of the superheat-limit temperature, so no or only minor explosions might have been expected. Henry et al. (1974) spilled R-12 on top of a hot mineral oil. For oil temperatures less than about 409 K, there was little interaction except rapid boiling. Above 409 K, explosions resulted. Henry et al. state that this oil temperature would lead to an interface temperature [see Eq. (1)] close to the expected homogeneous nucleation temperature (—345 K) so that the explosions were to be expected. 

Intermediate storage is frequently the source of polysulfide-bearing wastewaters and iron sulfide suspended solids. Finished product storage can produce high-BOD, alkaline wastewaters, as well as tetraethyl lead. Tank cleaning can contribute large amounts of oil, COD, and suspended solids and a minor amount of BOD. Leaks, spills, and open or poorly ventilated tanks can also be a source of air pollution through evaporation of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. 

Wastewaters are generated in the process of scrubbing contaminants from gaseous effluent streams. This water requirement is of significant volume and process conditions normally permit the use of recirculated contaminated water for this service, thereby effectively reducing the discharged wastewater volume. Leaks and spills are routinely collected as part of process efficiency and housekeeping and, in any case, their quantity is minor and normally periodic. 

Minor spills must be cleaned first with absorbent blotter paper and then thoroughly rinsed with water. Always wear gloves during cleanup. Dispose of the blotter paper in the Solid Radioactive Waste container. The spill area should then be checked with a portable G-M counter. 

Solving these gas and vapor detection problems will require a variety of new sensors, sensor systems, and instruments. Field detection of airborne chemicals can be somewhat arbitrarily divided into three distinct situations. The first case is when a spill or leak results in a single compound occurring in air far in excess of its background concentration. The second case is when one or several trace constituent(s) occur in a complex background ("needle-in-the-haystack" problem). The third case is when a complete analysis is needed for all minor as well as major constituents of a complex mixture. The first case is the one specifically addressed by the approaches discussed in this review article. The second and... 

Internal Standard (IS) The internal standard (IS) is a compound added in a fixed, known amount to every quantitation sample to serve as an internal control for the analysis. Most commonly, the IS is used to normalize response through determination of peak area ratio as described above. The ideal IS will track with the analyte(s) through the extraction, chromatography, and mass spectrometry to account for variable recovery, minor spills, and changes in response over time. Stable-isotope versions of the analytes are ideal IS for LC-MS quantitation, but in many cases structural analogs exhibit sufficiently similar chemistry to be useful in this role (Jemal et al., 2003 Wieling, 2002 Stokvis et al., 2005). 

The factory should have the correct hazardous chemical signage at every entrance to the shop floor. Protocols must be set up to handle any spilled isocyanates. Minor spills in-house must be correctly neutralized and the waste disposed of according to local regulations. The local fire and emergency authorities must be made aware of the presence of isocyanates in the factory and have the appropriate documentation of how to handle any emergency. The industry professional body should have this information available for the fire and emergency authorities. 

Since base-stabilized NaBH solutions not in contact with catalyst are stable and produce virtually no H2, in the event of a leak or a spill, no H2 will be generated. Because little free H2 is actually stored in the system, concerns about onboard bulk H storage or distribution are reduced. As NaBH solutions are easier to store onboard a vehicle than H2 gas, these solutions offer a practical alternative to direct H2 fueling. NaBH solutions are also easier and safer to distribute to consumers than bottled H2 gas and can be easily transported from terminal locations to service stations via truck. NaBH solutions, with a viscosity and density close to that of water, can be dispensed in the same manner as gasoline with minor modification to the dispensing equipment. 

A radiological incident may be as dramatic as a terrorist attack or as mundane as mild skin contamination from a minor spill. Radiological incidents have resulted in death from radiation sickness, but the vast majority of cases simply require decontamination and monitoring. 

A spiU is any accidental release of a pesticide. As careful as people try to be, pesticide spills can and do occur. The spill may be minor, involving only a dribble from a container, or it may be major, involving large amounts of pesticide or pesticide-containing materials such as wash water, soil, and absorbents. 

You must know how to respond correctly when a spill occurs. Stopping large leaks or spills is often not simple. If you cannot manage a spiU by yourself, get help. Even a spill that appears to be minor can endanger you, other people, and the environment if not handled correctly. Never leave a spill unattended. When in doubt, get assistance. 

The faster you can contain, clean up, and dispose of a spill, the less chance there is that it will cause harm. Clean-up most spills immediately. Even minor dribbles or spills should be cleaned up before the end of the work day to keep unprotected persons or animals from being exposed. 

Sometimes you may be instructed to cover minor spills with activated charcoal. The activated charcoal can adsorb or tie np enongh pesticide to avoid adverse effects to plants and animals that contact the soil in the fnture. However, activated charcoal is not effective for large spills. 

Photo-oxidation has been reported at crude-oU spills. It results in depletion of n-aUcanes below nCi5 and alkylaromatics such as C - and C2-substituted naphthalenes relative to unoxidized oil (Payne and Phillips, 1985). In terms of a material balance, photo-oxidation has been found to be a minor process (NRC, 1985) but does result in changes in the residual oil composition and can affect the subsequent behavior of an oil spill on the open ocean (Payne and Phillips, 1985). Autooxidation reactions of hydrocarbons in the absence of hght have not been well studied. 

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