Spectrum analysis spectra

Borhaug, J.E., and Mitchell, J.S., Applications of Spectrum Analysis to Onstream Condition Monitoring and Malfunction Diagnosis of Process Machinery, Proceedings of the 1st Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A M University, 1972, pp. 150-162. 

In the analysis of vibration data there is often the need to transform the data from the time domain to the frequency domain or, in other words, to obtain a spectrum analysis of the vibration. The original and inexpensive system to obtain this analysis is the tuneable swept-filter analyzer. Because of inherent limitations of this system, this process, despite the use of automated sweep, is time-consuming when analyzing low frequencies. When the spectra data needs to be digitized for computer inputing, there are further limitations in capability of tuneable filter-analysis systems. 

Careful analysis must be made of the type of spectrum analysis systems and the computational techniques used in vibrational analysis. There are several factors that must be considered, some of which are ... 

Rontgen-priifung, /. X-ray testing or examination. -rfihre, /. Rontgen tube. X-ray tube, -spektralanalyse, /. X-ray spectrum analysis, -spektrum, n. X-ray spectrum, -strahlen, m.pl. Rontgen rays, X rays. 

Spektralanalyse, /. spectrum analysis, spektralanalytisch, a. spectroscopic, spectro-metric. — adv. by spectrum analysis. Spektral-apparat, to. spectroscopic apparatus, -beobachtung, /. spectroscopic observation, -bereich, -bezirk, to. spectral region, -farbe, /. spectral color, spectrum color, -gegend, /. spectral region, -lampe, /. spectrum lamp, -hnie, /. spectrum line, spectral line, -probe, /. spectrum test, -rohr, n.. -rohre, /. spectrum tube, spectral tube, -tafel, /. spectrum chart, spectral chart. 

Dibenzo[c,g][l,2]dithiocin (4) can be readily prepared by reductive cyclization of the dithiol 3. On the basis of the electronic spectrum analysis it can be concluded that there is no conjugation in the 8-membered ring system of dibenzo[c,g][l,2]dithiocin (4).1... 

Curved-crystal x-ray spectrometers as needed for spectrum analysis and intensity measurement. 

Nondestructive testing, 68, 290, 291 Nondispersive spectrum analysis, see Pulse-height analysis. 

Spectrum analysis, 61-64 Spot tests, 64, 226, 228, 229 Stabilizer for tube current, 246 Stainless steel films, analysis by x-ray emission spectrography, 230 Stainless steels, analysis by x-ray emission spectrography, 255, 256 Standard counting error, 269-281, 284-288... 

To measure the strength of the forces exerted on particles, various analytical techniques have been developed [6, 7]. Unfortunately, since most of these techniques are based on hydrodynamics, assumption of the potential profiles is required and the viscosities of the fiuid and the particle sizes must be precisely determined in separate experiments, for example, using the viscous flow technique [8,9] and power spectrum analysis of position fluctuation [10]. Furthermore, these methods provide information on ensemble averages for a mass of many particles. The sizes, shapes, and physical and chemical properties of individual particles may be different from each other, which will result in a variety of force strengths. Thus, single-particle... 

The nerve axon sodium channel was studied in detail (in fact, as shown by the power spectrum analysis, there are two sorts of this channel one with fast opening and slow inactivation and the other with opposite properties). It is a glycoprotein consisting of three subunits (Fig. 6.22), the largest (mol. wt. 3.5 X 105) with a pore inside and two smaller ones (mol.wt 3.5 X 104 and 3.3 X 104). The attenuation in the orifice of the pore is a kind of a filter... 

The use of an action spectrum analysis to determine the spectral characteristics of a chromophore within a cell that mediates photobehavior has been criticized on... 

Detailed examination of another madder preparation proved that the sample can be premordanted with alum. [ 19] After hydrolysis performed with hydrochloric acid and extraction with M-amyl alcohol, only four colourants are found alizarin, purpurin, and probably lucidin and ruberythric acid. Additionally, signals at m/z 525 and 539 are observed in the mass spectrum. Analysis of the preparation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) shows that aluminium and calcium are the main inorganic components of the sample. This is why it was suggested that the signal at m/z 539 can be attributed to the complex of aluminium with alizarin, and the second one, observed at m/z 525, to an aluminium-calcium cluster. 

The excellent, high-resolution y- and X-ray spectra which can be obtained from semiconductor detectors make the detectors very important in modern instruments. A typical spectrum is shown in Figure 10.11(b) which may be compared with the much broader peaks from a scintillation detector (Figure 10.11(a)). The spectra are not immune from the problem of Compton scattering (p. 461) but a good quality modem detector will have a photopeak to Compton peak ratio of 50 1 or better. Computer-aided spectrum analysis also serves to reduce the interference from the Compton effect. 

Formation of a new compound PSeF3 has been claimed in the reaction of PF3 with elemental selenium, at 300-400°C, identified from a mass spectrum analysis, showing the fragments (PSeF2)+ with the expected selenium isotopes (34). However, since no further data have been obtained, it appears very likely that the compound actually was... 

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