Spectrum tubes

Spektralanalyse, /. spectrum analysis, spektralanalytisch, a. spectroscopic, spectro-metric. — adv. by spectrum analysis. Spektral-apparat, to. spectroscopic apparatus, -beobachtung, /. spectroscopic observation, -bereich, -bezirk, to. spectral region, -farbe, /. spectral color, spectrum color, -gegend, /. spectral region, -lampe, /. spectrum lamp, -hnie, /. spectrum line, spectral line, -probe, /. spectrum test, -rohr, n.. -rohre, /. spectrum tube, spectral tube, -tafel, /. spectrum chart, spectral chart. 

The spectrum excited by an electrical discharge through gas at low pressme can be studied with two simple types of spectrum tube seen in Figure 75. These tubes also act as weak sources of certain radiations, such as monochromatic light for an optical spectrometer. The... 

To fix on the window as shown in Figure 75,7, a bulb is blown in the capillary, the top of the bulb is blown out to a bubble, knocked off, and the end remaining is fire-polished and finally ground flat. The tube can be filled with gas through a side arm joined to one of the electrode chambers the spectrum tube may be sealed off, or provided with a stopcock. TIk capillary tube in Figure 75, II, is sealed to the glass at one end only of the capillary. To do this, the capillary is joined to a wider tube, which is cut off and flared out to make the... 

For entire class) spectrum tubes (hydrogen, neon, and mercury) spectrum tube power supplies (3)... 

Use care around the spectrum tube power supplies. 

Wait several minutes to allow the incandescent lightbulb and the spectrum tubes to cool. 

Follow your teacher s instructions on how to dispose of the liquids and how to store the lightbulb and spectrum tubes. 

Use care around the spectrum tube power supplies. Spectrum tubes will get hot when used. 

Repeat procedure 3 with other spectrum tubes as your teacher designates. 

Next, observe the light produced by the spectrum tube containing hydrogen gas and record your observations. It may be necessary for you to move to within a few feet of the spectrum tube in order to effectively observe the emission spectrum. CAUTION The spectrum tube operates at a... 

Cleanup and Disposal Turn off the light and spectrum-tube power supplies. Wait several minutes for the lightbulb and spectrum tubes to cool. 

X-ray tubes must provide adequate intensity over a relatively wide spectral range for XRF in order to excite a reasonable number of elements. In some applications, monochromatic or nearly monochromatic X-rays are desired that is accomplished by using filters or a monochromator as described below or by using a secondary fluorescent source, described subsequently. The tube output must be stable over short time periods for the highest precision and over long time periods for accuracy without frequent recalibration. The X-ray emission lines from the anode element must not interfere with the sample spectrum. Tube lines can be scattered into the detector and be mistaken for an element present in the sample. 

Energy/Wavelength of K line Element E/keV A/nm Excitation Spectrum Tube anode Critical Penetration Depth dMdJpm Silicate Steel Thin Film Thickness d n/pm Silicate Steel ... 

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