Spectroscopic studies magnetic resonance

In principle, in the quaternary onium cation-catalyzed PTC reaction, the reactive species could be the free anion, the ion pair of the onium cation and anion, their complex aggregates, or a combination of all of these species. The behavior and structure of ion pairs and higher aggregates have been studied extensively using conductometric, spectro-photometric, spectroscopic, and magnetic resonance techniques [30]. In general, at low... 

S. 11.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies S. 11.2.3 Infrared Spectroscopic Studies... 

Al-Sa ady, A.K.H., Moss, K., McAuliffe, C.A. and Parish, R.V. (1984) Mossbauer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies on Myocrisin , Solganol , Auranofin , and related gold (I) thiolates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, (8), 1609-1616. 

Beryllium(II) is the smallest metal ion, r = 27 pm (2), and as a consequence forms predominantly tetrahedral complexes. Solution NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) (59-61) and x-ray diffraction studies (62) show [Be(H20)4]2+ to be the solvated species in water. In the solid state, x-ray diffraction studies show [Be(H20)4]2+ to be tetrahedral (63), as do neutron diffraction (64), infrared, and Raman scattering spectroscopic studies (65). Beryllium(II) is the only tetrahedral metal ion for which a significant quantity of both solvent-exchange and ligand-substitution data are available, and accordingly it occupies a... 

In general, several spectroscopic techniques have been applied to the study of NO, removal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) are currently used to determine the surface composition of the catalysts, with the aim to identify the cationic active sites, as well as their coordinative environment. 

Simister, R. J., Woermann, F. G., McLean, M. A. et al. A short-echo-time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 43 1021-1031, 2002. 

The reactions of tri-ATZ-butylplumbyllithium with various phosphorus chlorides have been investigated. For example, reaction of the lithium compound with diphenylchlorophosphane afforded hexa-tert-butyldiplumbane and tetraphenyldiphosphane as the isolated products. Analogous reactions with -butyl-substituted phosphorus chlorides yielded (tri-A, 7-butylplumbyl)di- -butylphosphane or tri- z -butylplumbyl(amino)-, t -butylphosphane. These and other molecules were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies.24... 

Wilson et al. [2] carried out a compositional and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of humic and fulvic acid and fractions present in soil organic matter. 

The physico-chemical changes induced in polymers following exposure to radiation can be studied by a range of spectroscopic techniques. Recent developments in instrumentation and data analysis procedures in electronic, vibrational and magnetic resonance spectroscopies have provided considerable new insights into polymer structure and behaviour. The application of these spectroscopic methods in polymer studies are reviewed with emphasis on their utility in investigations of radiation effects on macromolecules. 

---