Specimen analysis

One aspect of specimen analysis that often occurs and should be highlighted is the situation that arises when a study has been initiated (protocol has been signed), but the analytical procedure has not yet been determined or worked out, or perhaps has not been fully validated by the performing laboratory. In this case, the approved protocol should fully describe the situation, and once the method has been developed and/or validated an approved protocol amendment should be issued, thus formalizing the inclusion of the analytical methodology. Likewise, during the validation process or during the study itself, if there is an analytical method modification then the protocol also needs to be formally amended. 

It is recommended that the protocol itself contain language that allows for minor modifications of an analytical method or procedure without necessitating an amendment (or a deviation) for example, "Minor modifications in instrumental parameters and/or adjustments in technique may be made in the method during specimen analysis to enhance overall efficiency or the sensitivity, specificity, or selectivity of analyte response."... 

Ability to perform chemical analysis of a sample by using colour scale map of standard (calibrated) specimen Analysis can be performed outdoors... 

The work reported here addresses specific questions on (1) how the density of Z-pins in both areas affects the delamination behaviour, (2) whether Z-pinning will be able to stop unstable delamination cracks, growing at relatively high speed, and (3) when in time or, alternatively, at which load levels damage mechanisms become active in the Z-pinned areas or other parts of the test specimens. Analysis of the acoustic emission recorded during the test was used to interpret visual observations and other test data. 

From a legal perspective, the specimens are part of the evidence that can be introduced in legal proceedings, as is any specimen analysis performed by a forensic toxicologist. For this reason, the processes involved in the transfer of the specimens from the collection site to the forensic laboratory must be carefully documented to establish a chain of custody . The chain of custody ensures that only authorized personnel handle the specimens and thereby ensure their integrity. 

The capability of performing direct specimen analysis on whole blood and urine (nonprocessed samples)... 

With modern scanning electron microscopes many of the restrictions of the transmission electron microscope have been alleviated. Firstly, thin samples are no longer required. With instruments equipped with a field-emission gun, magnifications as low as 50X and as high as lOOOOOX can be achieved routinely. Imaging the back-scattered electrons gives the distribution of the heavy elements at a high resolution, whereas the secondary electrons are indicative of the shape and the size of the solid particles present in the specimen. Analysis of the emitted X-rays can indicate the elemental composition. 

Computation of concentration from measured intensities Mathematical computations not associated with specimen analysis Automation of specimen analysis... 

Failed specimen analysis was carried out to purge out the redundant data, which is defined as a specimen already failing at first level but having duphcate data at higher levels. The Failed Specimen Analysis is shown in Appendix 5A. In addition, 55 FD specimens were tested for strain recovery, strength and modulus at 45 % compressive strain as part of the validation data. The data include 40 specimens that were studied for the influence of the silica aerogel granule size on the mechanical properties. 

In high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), a cantilever with a sharp tip is used to scan the sample surface. Deflection is measured using a laser beam reflected to a photodetector to generate a surface map of the specimen. Analysis of T. fusca cutinase-treated PET fibers by AFM has indicated an increase in surface roughness of the fibers [31],... 

Murray, I. and LA. Cowe, Macro- and micro-specimen analysis by near infrared diode array spectroscopy. Advances in near infrared spectroscopy, ed. E. Stark. Weinheim, Germany VCH (1991). 

The empiricid method of spectral interference correction uses interference correction factors. These factors are determined by analyzing the ngle-element, high-purity solutions under conditions matching as closely as possible those used for test specimen analysis. Unless plasma conditions can be accurately reproduced from day to day, or for longer periods, interference correction factors found to affect the results significantly must be redetermined each time specimens are analyzed. 

---