Specific yield

For pyrrole, using QMOBAS with 1.5 in the lead position of the HMO matrix, 31 iterations (system specific) yield a lowest eigenvalue of —2.55p E =... 

In an unconfined aquifer the permeability relates to the specific yield. This term express the ability for the aquifer to be drained and is clearly related to the grain size. The specific retention reflects the capillary forces that tend to retain water close to the grains. How these parameters relate to each other is shown in Figure 38. 

Figure 38. The relation of porosity, specific yield, specific retention and grain size in an unconfined aquifer...

If the reaction is carried out at a pressure of 12 kbar, the mechanism changes, and cycloaddition with ci5,traro-2,4-hexadiene proceeds stereo specifically yielding the traws-selenapyrans as the major products along with the corresponding tetraarylethylenes. 

Selected Values (% by volume) of Porosity, Specific Yield, and... 

The quantity of water that can be retrieved from a medium is related to size and shape of the connected pore spaces within that medium. The quantity of water that can be freely drained from a unit volume of porous medium is referred to as the specific yield. The volume of water retained in the medium by capillary and surface active forces is called the specific retention. The sum of specific retention and specific yield is equal to the effective porosity (see Table 3.4). Neither term has a time value attached. Drainage can occur over long periods (i.e., weeks or months). 

Calculation of total apparent volume does not, however, take into consideration the specific yield of the formation. Specific yield is the percentage of the mobile free hydrocarbon product that will drain and be recovered under the influences of gravity. This value is dependent on flow characteristics of the hydrocarbon as well as the characteristics of the formation. Typical values may range from 5 to 20%. 

The total apparent volume is multiplied by an assumed specific yield for the particular area to obtain the estimated volume of recoverable hydrocarbons ... 

Estimation or assumption for key factors including porosity, specific yield, and retention values ... 

In the solid-state photoreaction of 24c, a more chemoselective reaction occurred and only p-thiolactam 25c was obtained almost quantitatively. Of particular importance is the finding that the solid-state photoreaction of 24c involves a crystal-to-crystal nature where the optically active p-thiolactam 25c is formed in specific yield. Furthermore, the X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the crystals of 24c are chiral, and the space group is P2j. Irradiation of crystals at 0 °C exclusively gave optically active P-thiolactam 25c, in 81% yield at 100% conversion (entry 5). As expected, the thiolactam 25c showed optical activity (81% ee). This reaction exhibited good enantioselectivity throughout the whole reaction, where a small difference was observed in the ee value from 97 to 81% ee with increasing conversion from 20 to 100% (entries 5 and 6). The solid-state photoreaction also proceeded without phase separation even after 100% reaction conversion. The crystal-to-crystal nature of the transformation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. 

Photolysis of cycloheptenecarbothioamide 24d in the solid state also gave the corresponding p-thiolactam in specific yield (entry 7). As the X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed, the crystal is racemic (Fig. 9), and the isolated p-thiolactam was obtained as racemate. 

LCA is a process used to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, package, process, or activity. The considerations for LCAs can be useful when applied as a tool for decision-making. This has specific applicability when used to evaluate the solvent choices within a manufacturing process or any chemistry endeavor. Concretely, the decision to use a solvent (or not to use one) will involve many considerations How best to achieve the desired results (specifications, yield, etc.), overall cost of the chemistry, and relevant environmental regulations. 

Process parameters involve line speed if dose rate and line speed are combined, the dose delivered to the product to be cured can be calculated. A processor specific yield factor depends on the relationship between the beam current... 

Table V shows the salient features of several Fischer-Tropsch processes. Two of these—the powdered catalyst-oil slurry and the granular catalyst-hot gas recycle—have not been developed to a satisfactory level of operability. They are included to indicate the progress that has been made in process development. Such progress has been quite marked in increase of space-time yield (kilograms of C3+ per cubic meter of reaction space per hour) and concomitant simplification of reactor design. The increase in specific yield (grams of C3+ per cubic meter of inert-free synthesis gas) has been less striking, as only one operable process—the granular catalyst-internally cooled (by oil circulation) process—has exceeded the best specific yield of the Ruhrchemie cobalt catalyst, end-gas recycle process. The importance of a high specific yield when coal is used as raw material for synthesis-gas production is shown by the estimate that 60 to 70% of the total cost of the product is the cost of purified synthesis gas.

The manufacturer must establish the maximum cultivation span for a particular cell in vitro (passage number). The characterization must include the growth rate, morphology, specific yield, and quality of the molecule of interest (Wiebe and May, 1990). The post-production cells (PPCs) must be removed from the bioreactor and tested at least once to evaluate whether new contaminants were introduced or induced by the cultivation conditions. Changes in the culture medium or production scale require new evaluation of the PPCs to determine any effects on the yield and product consistency (Levine and Castillo, 1999). 

Specific yield was calculated as CNM obtained weight-to-catalyst weight ratio. The reactor with the vibrofluidized catalyst layer was considered as one of the versions for constructive pyrolysis design. Catalyst layer was placed to reactor body - cylindrical heating shell, and was converted into vibrofluidized condition, and gas was given through distribution device. 

Reactions with acid anhydrides (Scheme 110 <2003JA6462>) and acyl chlorides (Scheme 111 <2005S583>) occurred at room temperature in various solvents, and furnish acyl-azocanes in reportedly good to excellent yields (specific yields not given). Compounds of type 267 were studied as inhibitors of the Hepatitis B vims replications. Compound 269 was used as a chiral ligand for the enantioselective addition of diethyl zinc to aromatic aldehydes. 

As seen from several examples, the main characteristic of pyrolysis of poly(acrylic acid esters) is the formation of monomer, dimer, trimer, etc. The specific yield of monomer, dimer, trimer, etc. is temperature dependent, higher temperatures favoring the formation of lower molecular weight compounds. 

In a confined aquifer, the quantity corresponding to specific yield is called storativity, 5, and is typically much smaller than Sy. Storativity is a function of the compressibility of water and aquifer material and is proportional to aquifer thickness. A related term is specific storage, Ss, which is storativity divided by aquifer thickness. Storativity increases as thickness of the aquifer increases, whereas specific yield is not a function of aquifer thickness. Removal of large volumes of water from confined aquifers can result in measurable ground subsidence. 

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