Specific gravity tables

In practice, many fillers are either disc or rod-shaped and the relationship between actual diameter, surface area per unit mass and particle numbers per unit mass may be quite different from that of idealised spherical particles of the same esd and specific gravity (Table 6.2). 

Elfverson, C., Andersson, A.A.M., Aman, P. and Regner, S. (1999) Chemical composition of barley cultivars fractionated by weighing, pneumatic classification, sieving, and sorting on a specific gravity table. Cereal Chemistry 76, 434-438. 

I. Since commercial solutions of formaldehyde contain methyl alcohol, it is grossly inaccurate to estimate the amount of formaldehyde present by reference to specific gravity tables (. Org. 83m. 14, 92). The formaldehyde content of the solution is determined by analysis, for which the iodimetric method of Borgstrom and Horsch is recommended. The yield is calculated upon the basis of the amoimt of formaldehyde actually present, as shown by analysis. 

Adriance s Laboratory Calculations and Specific Gravity Tables.lamo, i as... 

As Table I shows, the material melts at 195-7 C. and has a lighter specific gravity Table I. Nylon 9 Polyamide... 

Dispersions of pol5Tetrafluoroethylene are colloidal emulsions of small pol mier particles (<0.25 pm) in water which are negatively charged. They contain relatively high concentrations of PTFE, which increases their specific gravity. An estimate of solids content can be obtained from the specific gravity (Table 5.12). 

The absolute specific gravities (Table 29.V) of the oven-dried peats range between 1.105 and 1.563, with an average value of 1.475. With the exception of the one sample of sedimentary peat from North Carolina, all values lie between 1.433 and 1.563. The corresponding absolute specific gravity values for mineral soils of average humus content commonly fall between 2.6 and 2.8. 

Specific gravity tables for most chemicals are available from the manufacturer (common liquid chemical specific gravity tables are shown in Appendix C). The test results should be recorded for every delivery for future reference. Rather than setting a strict limit on specific gravity, look for major changes from previous shipments. 

The density of chemical is the weight/volume of the chemical being fed. This can be determined from manufacturer s information or by calculation from measuring the specific gravity (Example 8-2). The solution strength in percent is obtained from manufacturer s information (or from provided specific gravity tables for each chemical see Appendix C for examples). 

Consult hypochlorite specific gravity table provided by manufacturer (Appendix C, Table C-4). 

Table C-4 Sodium hypochlorite specific gravity table...

Saturate 100 ml of the alcoholic liquid (original sample or distillate), containing approximately 30 per cent of proof spirit, with common salt and shake with 50 ml of light petroleum (b.p. 40° to 60°) and allow to separate. Draw off the brine layer and wash the light petroleum extract with 10 ml of saturated brine, followed by five successive washings with 10 ml of water. Distil the combined brine and aqueous layers and collect 100 ml of distillate. When the specific gravity of the distillate has been determined the apparent proof spirit is read from the Official Specific Gravity Tables (see p. 780). 

The specific gravity of a pure hydrocarbon is linked to its H/C ratio, the specific gravity decreasing as the H/C ratio increases. Table 3.2 illustrates this variation for hydrocarbons having 14 carbon atoms. 

The specific gravities of crudes fall generally between 0.800 and 1.000 as shown in Table 8.1, even though crudes having specific gravities outside this range exist 0.787 (48.2° API) for crudes in Barrow South, Alaska, USA and Santa Rosa, Venezuela and 1.028 (6° API) for the crude from Bradley Canyon, California, USA. 

Table 8.1 gives the average specific gravities of some typical crude oils. 

Twaddell Hydrometer. This hydrometer, which is used only for liquids heavier than water, has a scale such that when the reading is multiplied by 5 and added to 1000 the resulting number is the specific gravity with reference to water as 1000. To convert specific gravity at 60°/60°F to Twaddell degrees, take the decimal portion of the specific gravity value and multiply it by 200 thus a specific gravity of 1.032 = 0.032 X 200 = 6.4° Tw. See also special table for conversion to density and Baume scale. 

The table below gives the weight in grams X 10 of 1 mL of air at 760 mm of mercury pressure and at the temperature indicated. Density in grams per milliliter is the same as the specific gravity referred to water at 4°C as unity. To convert to density referred to air at 70°F as unity, divide the values below by 12,00,... 

Physical Properties. Physical properties of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride are summarized in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the vapor pressure and latent heat of vaporization. The specific gravity of the Hquid decreases almost linearly from 1.1 at —40°C to 0.84 at 80°C (4). The specific heat of anhydrous HF is shown in Figure 2 and the heat of solution in Figure 3. 

Procedures for determining the quaUty of formaldehyde solutions ate outlined by ASTM (120). Analytical methods relevant to Table 5 foUow formaldehyde by the sodium sulfite method (D2194) methanol by specific gravity (D2380) acidity as formic acid by titration with sodium hydroxide (D2379) iron by colorimetry (D2087) and color (APHA) by comparison to platinum—cobalt color standards (D1209). 

Physical Properties. Physical properties of waste as fuels are defined in accordance with the specific materials under consideration. The greatest degree of definition exists for wood and related biofuels. The least degree of definition exists for MSW, related RDF products, and the broad array of ha2ardous wastes. Table 3 compares the physical property data of some representative combustible wastes with the traditional fossil fuel bituminous coal. The soHd organic wastes typically have specific gravities or bulk densities much lower than those associated with coal and lignite. 

Specific gravity is the most critical of the characteristics in Table 3. It is governed by ash content of the material, is the primary deterrninant of bulk density, along with particle size and shape, and is related to specific heat and other thermal properties. Specific gravity governs the porosity or fractional void volume of the waste material, ie. 

The dihydrate is soluble ia water. The specific gravities of aqueous oxaUc acid solutions are summarized ia Table 2. The solubiUty of the dihydrate ia water iacreases with temperature. Approximate solubiUty values (5) are given by the foUowiag formulas, where S = g(COOH)2/100 g soln and t = ° C. 

Table 2. Specific Gravities of Various Aqueous Solutions of Oxalic Acid Dihydrate...

Barite, predominately BaSO, meets the overall requirements for weighting material better than other materials and is used for increasing the density of drilling fluids throughout the world. Commercial barite has a lower specific gravity than pure barium sulfate owing to the presence of associated minerals, such as silica. Barite is virtually insoluble in water and does not react with other mud constituents. Most operators prefer barite that meets API specifications (Table 2) (23). The barite content in mud depends on the desired density but can be as high as 2000 kg/km (700 lb/bbl). 

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