Volume weight

It is possible to calculate the properties of wider cuts given the characteristics of the smaller fractions when these properties are additive in volume, weight or moles. Only the specific gravity, vapor pressure, sulfur content, and aromatics content give this advantage. All others, such as viscosity, flash point, pour point, need to be measured. In this case it is preferable to proceed with a TBP distillation of the wider cuts that correspond with those in an actual refinery whose properties have been measured. 

Each point corresponding to the ordinate axis is the value of the cumulative property of the cut. The Cg-EP properties of gasoline cuts or IP-EP properties of residue cuts are obtained directly from the curves, while properties of other cuts are calculated either directly for the properties that are additive by volume, weight or moles, or by using blending indices. 

To determine the average porosity of a homogeneous but nonuniform medium, the correct mean of the distribution of porosity must be evaluated. The porosities of natural and artificial media usually are normally distributed. The average porosity of a heterogeneous nonuniform medium is the volume-weighted average of the number average ... 

Vol., abbrev. (Volumen, Volum-) volume. Vol-.Gew., abbrev. (Volumgewicht) volume weight. 

The introduction of large gas phase volumes into the polymer alters the physical characteristics of the material volume weight, permeability to fluids and gases, and physico-mechanical properties. Moreover, the properties of the polymer matrix itself are changed (owing to orientation effects, supermolecular structure of the polymer in the walls, ribs and tension bars of cells), which drives up the value of specific strength on impact, and results in anisotropy of elasticity. 

The release of condensation water causes many changes in the reaction medium (volume, weight). This problem has been the subject of so much controversy, both from the theoretical and experimental point of view, that we have discussed it separately (Chap. 3303)). 

Fig. 2 Time-series of annual mean water temperature in the San Reservoir (Spain) and air temperature in the Ter River watershed. The series start in 1964, after the first filling of the reservoir. Annual means are based on monthly measures of the volume weighted mean temperature. Only years with at least 10 temperature profiles were included in the figure. The air temperatures are annual means for the whole Ter River watershed, calculated from data collected in several meteorological stations in the basin, and weighted according to their area of influence...

Intermediate liquid 8 values are obtained by mixing liquids of known solubility parameter SPS makes use of this. The 8 value of the mixture is equal to the volume-weighted sum of the individual component liquid 8 values. Thus, the mass uptake of a miscible liquid mixture by an elastomer may be very much greater than the swelling which would occur in the presence of either one of the constituent liquids alone. The mixture could of course comprise more than two liquid components, and an analogous situation would apply MERL have applied this approach for the offshore oil-production industry to allow realistic hydrocarbon model oils to be developed,basically by mixing one simple aliphatic (paraffinic) hydrocarbon, one naphthenic, and one aromatic to proportions that meet two criteria, namely, that... 

In total, 550 analyses were conducted from samples taken at this site. These data indicate that only 5.8 percent of the 10.9 acres contaminated represented the road surfaces originally sprayed. The remaining surface contamination probably resulted from dispersion by wind, vehicular traffic, runoff, etc. The total TCDD sprayed was probably about 340 grams, with 74 percent still on the areas sprayed. Mean, volume weighted, TCDD concentrations in the sprayed and dispersed areas were 469 and 31 ppb, respectively. Concentrations in individual composite samples collected from sprayed areas ranged up to 1,800 ppb. About 90 percent of the TCDD was contained in 13 percent of the soil volume. 

This peculiar kind of average is known as volume weighted average. 

Theoretically, it is also possible to obtain the volume weighted distribution function g(l) of the column length / ... 

Figure 2.2.13 shows an overview of the MRI system developed for salmon selection. A 0.2-T C-shaped yoked permanent magnet with a 25-cm gap [50-ppm homogeneity for 15-cm DSV (diameter spherical volume), weight 1.4 tons] is used for the magnet. For the rf coils, two solenoid coils with a 14-cm circular aperture and 14 cm x 18 cm oval aperture were developed. 

A laser beam highly focused by a microscope into a solution of fluorescent molecules defines the open illuminated sample volume in a typical FCS experiment. The microscope collects the fluorescence emitted by the molecules in the small illuminated region and transmits it to a sensitive detector such as a photomultiplier or an avalanche photodiode. The detected intensity fluctuates as molecules diffuse into or out of the illuminated volume or as the molecules within the volume undergo chemical reactions that enhance or diminish their fluorescence (Fig. 1). The measured fluorescence at time t,F(t), is proportional to the number of molecules in the illuminated volume weighted by the... 

Arithmetic Length Weight 2 nd4/2 nd1 Weight-moment or volume-weighted mean, d m... 

In air, endrin is expected to be associated primarily with particulate matter, based on its low vapor pressure and high Koc (Kenaga 1980). However, small amounts of endrin in the atmosphere may exist in the vapor phase (Eisenreich et al. 1981). Because of its low solubility (200 pg/L, see Table 3-2), endrin would not be expected to be removed significantly from the atmosphere by wet deposition. Particle-adsorbed endrin will be removed from the atmosphere by both wet and dry deposition. In recent studies in the Great Lakes area, endrin was found in 5% of 450 wet deposition (rain/snow) samples collected between 1986-1991, at volume weighted mean concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.98 ng/L (ppt) (Chan et al. 1994). 

The major function of a bipolar plate, or simply called "plate," is to connect each cell electrically and to regulate the reactant gas (typically, hydrogen and air in a hydrogen fuel cell) or reactant liquid (typically, methanol in a DMFC) and liquid or gas coolant supply as well as reaction product removal in desired patterns. This plate must be at least electrically conductive and gas and/or liquid tightened. Considering these important functions and the larger fraction of volume, weight, and cost of the plate in a fuel cell, it is worthwhile to construct this chapter with emphasis on the current status and future trend in bipolar plate research and development, mainly for the plate materials and fabrication process. 

A continuous factor is a factor that can take on any value within a given domain. Similarly, a continuous response is a response that can take on any value within a given range. Examples of continuous factors are pressure, volume, weight, distance, time, current, flow rate, and reagent concentration. Examples of continuous responses are yield, profit, efficiency, effectiveness, impurity concentration, sensitivity, selectivity, and rate. 

Millennium Cell has reported that their NaBH4-based hydrogen on demand system possesses a system gravimetric capacity of about 4wt%. Similarly to other material approaches, issues include system volume, weight and complexity and water availability. 

For example, the relative volume-weight of chlorine being 85-S, that of oxygen 16, that of nitrogen 14, the actual weight of 1 litre of each of these elementary gases, at 0° C. and 0° 76 pressure, may be called respectively 85 5 eritht, 16 oritha, and 14 eritha. 

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