Soya phosphatides

Soya lecithin is a natural product which contains about 34% glycerides (soya oil), 5% sugars, and 61% phosphatides. The phosphatides in turn are comprised of phosphatidyl choline, i.e., chemical lecithin (20%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (20%), and phosphatidyl inositol (21%). 

The chromatogram of the commercial soya lecithin as shown in Figure 4 suggests a number of components and all subsequent work was done with the ethanol-soluble fraction, i.e., phosphatidyl choline, or the ethanol-insoluble fraction, comprised primarily of other phosphatides. 

Figure 7. Effect of sample size on apparent molecular weight for soya lecithin phosphatide fractions (conditions same as for Figures 5 and 6 (O) ethanol-soluble fraction (phosphatidyl choline), oligomer GPC (%) ethanol-soluble fraction (phosphatidyl choline), "main column (l ) ethanol-insoluble fraction (other phos-p hat ides), "oligomer GPC (A) ethanol-insoluble fraction (other phosphatides),...

Hydrogen peroxide has been used to bleach soya beans,171 lechitan and phosphatides.172 The alkali metal peroxides are alternative reagents.173 It is also used to decolorize fatty acid sarcosides,174 whilst xanthines require sodium perborate or percarbonate175 and starches require some irradiation.176... 

The mono-unsaturated aminotriol, namely, the dehydrophyto-sphingosine (11), was similarly obtained from soya-bean and flax phosphatides. On catalytic hydrogenation, compound 11 gives phytosphingosine, and, by degradation with ozone, 7-amino-5,6,8-tri-hydroxyoctanal (12) and decanal (13). 

Synonyms Phosphatidic acid, ammonium salt Definition Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acids derived from edible fats and oils Properties Unctuous semisolid sol. in fats partly sol. in ethanol insol. in water Uses Emulsifier in foods, dairy-based beverages vise, control agent for molten chocolate, substitute for soya lecithin in cocoa, chocolate prods., confectionery Features Flavor-free Ammonium phosphite CAS 51503-61-8... 

In the above table the substance marked with asterisk — an alcohol insoluble fraction of the total soya bean phosphatides — has been included. 

Fig. 4. Reversal of charge of alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide with hexol nitrate or with La(N03)3, both as a function of the sol concentration.

On closer inspection of Table 2 on page 270, we see that the correlation between reciprocal hexol number and flocculability is not a rigorous one, so, for instance, Na agar though of lower reciprocal hexol number than the preceding Soya bean phosphatide, shows only opalescence with 6—1. 5—1 and 4—1. 

On the upper curve are situated egg lecithin, both soya bean phosphatides thymus and yeast nucleates all having ester phosphate groups. They may be called phosphate colloids. 

In Fig. 13 similar cation spectra of three other phosphate colloids (two different fractions of soya bean phosphatides and sodium nucleate) are given. 

A of alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide, sensitised with triolein. 

B of alcohol insoluble soya bean phosphatide measured directly on the floccules, except for Li, Na and K where the measurements were carried out on suspended SiOa particles. 

Fig. 17. Reversal of charge spectra of Na pectate (carboxyl colloid) and of egg lecithin and alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide (phosphate colloids) with alkali chlorides (and NH4CI).

All facts point to the phosphate group being more polarisable than water. We should thus expect the sequence Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba. Nearest to this comes the sequence found in egg lecithin and soya bean phosphatide (soluble in alcohol) Ca[Pg.294]

The sequence of the organic cations is from left to right quinine — strychnine — procaine — guadinine, except with alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide where the reversal of charge points of procaine and guanidine are interchanged (the -4 -5 -2... 

So H. G. Bungenberg de Jong and C. van der Meer, Proc. Koninkl Nederland, Akad. Weten-schap., Amsterdaniy 45 (1942), 593 found for a soya bean phosphatide (soluble in alcohol) the following sequence of from left to right increasing reversal of charge concentrations ... 

For this investigation a sulphate colloid (Na agar), a carboxyl colloid (Na pectinate) and three phosphate colloids (Na yeast nucleate, purified egg lecithin, and a soya bean phosphatide fraction soluble in alcohol) were used. 

The sequence of the curves is however quite the same as in colloids in which all or a larger number of reversal of charge points could actually be reached. The ion spectra of the latter colloids, viz, egg lecithin and soya bean phosphatide (phosphate colloids) and Na pectinate (carboxyl colloid) are given in Fig. 26, 27 and 28. 

Fig. 27. Reversal of charge spectrum of alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide (R.H.N = 3800) with substituted ammonium cations.

In Fig. 32 a (upper curve) the results are given for a soya bean phosphatide fraction (alcohol-soluble) h In this figure the reversal of charge concentration for each of the two salts separately is taken as 100% (CaCL = 0.045 N NaCl = 2.8 N).. We see that in this case at a definite NaCl concentration the CaCL concentration needed for reaching the reversal of charge point is more than twice as high (224%) as in the blank. 

Fig. 32. Reversal of charge of alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide with mixtures of LiCl + NaCl, CaCla + NaCl and Co(NH3)fl CI3 + NaCl. Ordinates concentrations of Co(NH3)oCl3 or CaCl, or LiCl in the salt mixture expressed in % of the reversal of charge concentrations of these salts in the absence of NaCl.

Fig. 33. Reversal of charge of alcohol insoluble soya bean phosphatide, with mixtures of CaCla ]-MgCl, or La(NOs)3 4- Co(NH3)eCl3.

In Fig. 34 the results with a soya bean phosphatide fraction (the same kind as in 5 a) are given for a number of salt combinations, which comprise the already enumerated ones in 5a and further the combinations hexol nitrate + NaNOg UOo(NOg)3 + NaNOg Th(NO,), + NaNOg and La(NOg)g + NaNOg. ... 

Fig. 34, Relation between the maximum deviation from additive behaviour in the reversal of charge in salt mixtures (chlorides or nitrates of the stated ion -j- INaCl or NaNOg) and the quotient of the reversal of charge concentrations (alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide).

Fig. 39 shows the results obtained in a soya been phosphatide sol for the combinations of three alkaloid chlorides each with NaCl, here also the antagonism being more pronounced as Q increases, that is the greater the distance ( log Q) between the reversal of charge points in the ion spectrum (see p. 301, Fig. 24). 

Fig. 39. Reversal of charge of alcohol soluble soya bean phosphatide with mixtures of quinine hydrochloride -4 NaCl strychnine hydrochloride + NaCl and procaine hydrochloride + NaCl. The deviations from additive behaviour increase as Q rises. In this case the rule still holds that antagonism (i.e., elevation of the curve above the level of 100%) occurs when Q exceeds the numerical value of approximately 10.

Fig. 49. Electrophoretic velocity of Ti02 particles, suspended in 0.136% soya bean phosphatide sol (A), in 0.085% Na nucleate soi(F) or in mixtures of these sols (B, C, D, E), as a function of the CaClg concentration.

Fig. 16. Continuous valenqr rule and double valenqr rule in the action of salts on a positively charged complex coacervate (gelatin -f soya bean phosphatide).

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