Soy protein isolate and

Protein-Based Substitutes. Several plant and animal-based proteins have been used in processed meat products to increase yields, reduce reformulation costs, enhance specific functional properties, and decrease fat content. Examples of these protein additives are wheat flour, wheat gluten, soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, textured soy protein, cottonseed flour, oat flour, com germ meal, nonfat dry milk, caseinates, whey proteins, surimi, blood plasma, and egg proteins. Most of these protein ingredients can be included in cooked sausages with a maximum level allowed up to 3.5% of the formulation, except soy protein isolate and caseinates are restricted to 2% (44). 

Phytase (Aspergillus niger var.) Produced as an off white to brown powder or as a tan to dark brown liquid by controlled fermentation using Aspergillus niger var. Soluble in water, but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principles (1) 3-phytase and (2) acid phosphatase. Typical applications used in the production of soy protein isolate and in the removal of phytic acid from plant materials. 

Modification of Ultrafiltered versus Acid Precipitated Soy Protein. When the retentate obtained from the ultrafiltration of soybean extract is subjected to an enzymatic hydrolysis as described earlier (2) for acid precipitated protein, a hydrolysis curve (DH versus time) may be drawn. A comparison of such hydrolysis curves is shown in Fig. 2 for acid precipitated soy protein isolate and ultrafiltered soy protein isolate. The curves are drawn on the basis of the same hydrolysis parameters. The enzyme used is the microbial alkaline protease subtilisin Carlsberg (ALCALASE ). 

Na Nakompanom, N., Thongngam, M., and Hongsprabhas, P. 2009. Characteristics of heated mixed soy protein isolate and sodium caseinate. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science) 43 780-790. 

Figure 2 Relative biological values—NPR and NPU—of soy protein isolate and methionine supplemented soy protein isolates, (a) Soy protein isolate (Met + Cys — 2.6g/16g N) (b) soy protein isolate supplemented with free L-methionine (Met + Cys — 3.5g/l6g N) (c) soy protein isolate supplemented with methioninc-cnriched EPM product (Met + Cys — 3.5g/16g N).

Future studies can focus on the use of other already approved food additives/biopolymers for food application studies. These may be alginates, gelatin, soy protein isolates and carrageenan. Furthermore, the ability of biopolymers to form complexes and be functionalized or modified for specific applications can be explored. 

In 1969, deGroot and Slump also demonstrated decreases for in vitro digestibility of alkali-treated soy protein Isolate and decreases In absorption of some amino acids by everted Intestinal sacs (14). These workers also observed decreases In net protein utilization for treated soybean meal, treated soy protein Isolate and treated casein. These decreases In net protein utilization were correlated with Increases In LAL formation. In these experiments, therefore. It was possible that protein utilization was hindered by the presence of LAL. 

Chu, C.L., Chiang, B.H., and Hau, L.B. 1995. Lipid-protein and lipid-starch interactions during extrusion of soy protein isolate and rice flour blend, J. Food Sci., 22(6), 714. 

Kumar, P., Sandeep, K.P., Alavi, S., Truong, V.D., Gorga, R.E. Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion. Food Eng. 100(3), 480-489 (2010)... 

Molina, E., Papadopoulou, A. and Ledward, D.A. (2001) Emulsifying properties of high pressure treated soy protein isolate and 7S and 1 IS glohulins. Food FfydrocoUoid., 15,263. 

So-called soy whey, which is the waste from the production of soy protein isolates and concentrates, can be used for the isolation of a mixture of a-galactooHgosaccharides, which contains saccharose, glucose and fructose. In the form of syrup, this mixture can be used as a proteinaceous food additive. 

Rhim, J.W., Mohanty, K.A., Singh, S. P. and Ng, P.K.W. (2006). Preparation and properties of biodegradable multilayer films based on soy protein isolate and poly(lactide). Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45,3059-3066. 

Lodha, P. and Netravali, A.N. (2002) Gharacterization of interfacial and mechanical properties of green composites with soy protein isolate and ramie fiber. /. Mater. Sci., 37, 3657-3665. 

Tang, C., Li, X. (2013). Microencapsulation properties of soy protein isolate and storage stability of the correspondingly spray-dried emulsions. Food Research International, 52, 419-428. 

FT-IR analysis of thermoplastic sheets containing soy protein isolate and glycerol showed no change in the characteristic peaks of the individual com-... 

Likewise, good compatibility was observed between soy protein isolate and acetamide used as plasticizer. The clear peaks observed for crystalline acetamide are not seen when mixed with soy protein isolate. Starch blended with 30 wt% polystyrene and extruded to make loose fill packing foams formed new crystalline peaks not characteristic of either component. 

Guerrero P, Stefani PM, Ruseckaite RA, de la Caba K. 2011. Functional Properties of Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate and Gelatin Processed by Compression Molding. Journal of Food Engineering 105(l) 65-72. 

Recently, different authors proposed the blend of soy protein with environmentally sensitive polymers to synthesize composite materials with intelligent features, which may result in new potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Li et al. report the synthesis and self-assembly behavior in aqueous solution of thermally responsive graft copolymer (SPl-g-p(iV-isopropylacrylamide]] of soy protein isolate and N-isopropylacrylamide in aqueous solution by using ammonium persulfate as the initiator and mercaptoacetic acid as the protein unfolding agent (Li et al., 2010]. Alternatively, temperature-sensitive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on... 

Li H-P, Ma B-G, Zhou S-M, Zhang L-M, Yi J-Z (2010). Thermally responsive graft copolymer of soy protein isolate and N-isopropylacrylamide Synthesis and self-assembly behavior in aqueous solution. Colloid Polym Sci, 288,1419-1426. 

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