Solvents methylamine

Uses. Butyrolactone is principally consumed by the manufacturers by reaction with methylamine or ammonia to produce A/-meth5d-2-pyrrohdinone [872-50-4] and 2-pyrrohdinone [616-45-5] C H NO, respectively. Considerable amounts are used as a solvent for agricultural chemicals and polymers, in dyeing and printing, and as an intermediate for various chemical syntheses. 

Many procedures have been studied for detoxification of aflatoxkis, including heat and treatment with ammonia, methylamine, or sodium hydroxide coupled with extraction from an acetone—hexane—water solvent system. Because ki detoxification it is important to free the toxki from cellular constituents to which it is bound, a stabifi2ation of protekis uskig a tanning compound such as acetaldehyde (qv) or glutaraldehyde may be a solution to the problem (98). 

Cellulose Solvent. Although DMSO by itself does not dissolve cellulose, the following binary and ternary systems are cellulose solvents DMSO—methylamine, DMSO—sulfur trioxide, DMSO—carbon disulfide—amine, DMSO— ammonia—sodamide, DMSO—dinitrogen tetroxide,... 

Bromocyclopentyl-(o-chlorophenyl)-ketone, BP 111° to 114°C (0.1 mm) is isolated in the usual manner. Since it is unstable, it must be used immediately. The bromoketone (29.0 g) is dissolved in 50 ml of liquid methylamine. After one hour, the excess liquid methylamine is allowed to evaporate. The organic residue is dissolved in pentane, and upon evaporation of the solvent, 1-hydroxycyclopentyl-(o-chlorophenyl)-ketone N-methylimine, MP 62°C, is isolated. 

Uses of Methylamines. Dimethylamine is the most widely used of the three amines. Excess methanol and recycling monomethylamine increases the yield of dimethylamine. The main use of dimethylamine is the synthesis of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, which are solvents for acrylic and polyurethane fibers. 

Purification of the activation products (PMs). The methylamine activation product dissolved in methanol is purified by chromatography, first on a column of silica gel using a mixed solvent of chloroform/ethanol, followed by reversed-phase HPLC on a column of divinylbenzene resin (such as Jordi Reversed-Phase and Hamilton PRP-1) using various solvent systems suitable for the target substance (for example, acetonitrile/water containing 0.15% acetic acid). 

Oxime carbamates have high polarity and solubility in water and are relatively chemically and thermally unstable. They are relatively stable in weakly acidic to neutral media (pH 4-6) but unstable in strongly acidic and basic media. Rapid hydrolysis occurs in strongly basic aqueous solutions (pH > 9) to form the parent oxime/alcohol and methylamine, which is enhanced at elevated temperature. Additionally, oxime carbamates are, generally, stable in most organic solvents and readily soluble in acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate, with the exception of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, most oxime carbamates contain an active -alkyl (methyl) moiety that can be easily oxidized to form the corresponding sulfoxide or sulfone metabolites. 

A palladium catalyst with a less electron-rich ligand, 2,2-dipyridyl-methylamine-based palladium complexes (4.2), is effective for coupling of aryl iodides or bromides with terminal alkynes in the presence of pyrrolidine and tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAB) at 100°C in water.37 However, the reactions were shown to be faster in NMP solvent than in water under the reaction conditions. Palladium-phosphinous acid (POPd) was also reported as an effective catalyst for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of aryl alkynes with aryl iodides, bromides, or chlorides in water (Eq. 4.18).38... 

Solvated electrons were first produced in liquid ammonia when Weyl (1864) dissolved sodium and potassium in it the solution has an intense blue color. Cady (1897) found the solution conducts electricity, attributed by Kraus (1908) to an electron in a solvent atmosphere. Other workers discovered solvated electrons in such polar liquids as methylamine, alcohols, and ethers (Moissan, 1889 Scott et al, 1936). Finally, Freed and Sugarman (1943) showed that in a dilute metal—ammonia solution, the magnetic susceptibility corresponds to one unpaired spin per dissolved metal atom. 

It has also been found that alkali metals dissolve in solvents such as methylamine and ethylenedi-amine. These solutions have some characteristics of the solutions containing ammonia, and they... 

Effect of Solvent and Base on the Ruthenium Carbonyl/Tri-methylamine System. Solvent plays an important role in the rate of hydrogen production. The ideal solvents are tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, and dimethoxyethane. Alcohols are only slightly less effective. Apparently the solvent must be miscible with water, promote ion formation, and be capable of weakly coordinating with the coordinately unsaturated species formed in the course of the reaction. 

N-methylcarbamate and N,N -dimethylcarbamates have been determined in soil samples by hydrolyses with sodium bicarbonate and the resulting amines reacted with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2,l,3-Oxadiazole in isobutyl methyl ketone solution to produce fluorescent derivatives [81]. These derivatives were separated by thin layer chromatography on silica gel G or alumina with tetrahydrofuran-chloroform (1 49) as solvent. The fluorescence is then measured in situ (excitation at 436 nm, emission at 528 and 537nm for the derivatives of methylamine and dimethylamine respectively). The... 

Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, rosin, shellac, manila resin, dyes fuel for utility plants home heating oil extender preparation of methyl esters, formaldehyde, methacrylates, methylamines, dimethyl terephthalate, polyformaldehydes methyl halides, ethylene glycol in gasoline and diesel oil antifreezes octane booster in gasoline source of hydrocarbon for fuel cells extractant for animal and vegetable oils denaturant for ethanol in formaldehyde solutions to inhibit polymerization softening agent for certain plastics dehydrator for natural gas intermediate in production of methyl terLbutyl ether. 

To a solution of 40.5 g of the above aldehyde and 16 g of nitromethane (for mescaline) or an equimolar amount of nitroethane (for phenylisopropylamines) in 100 ml of ethanol, add 14 ml of 3% methylamine in methanol, in nitrogen atmosphere if possible. Let stand at room temp for one day, then cool to -10°, filter, wash with cold methanol, and evaporate the solvent in vacuo to get the nitrostyrene or nitropropene. 

Reductions in liquid ammonia run at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of —33°. If higher temperatures are necessary for the reduction, other solvents of alkali metals are used methylamine (b.p. — 6.3°), ethylamine (b.p. 16.6°), and ethylenediamine (b.p. 116-117°). 

Similar results were achieved when benzene was reduced with alkali metals in anhydrous methylamine at temperatures of 26-100°. Best yields of cyclohexene (up to 77.4%) were obtained with lithium at 85° [396]. Ethylamine [397] and especially ethylenediamine are even better solvents [398]. Benzene was reduced to cyclohexene and a small amount of cyclohexane [397, 398] ethylbenzene treated with lithium in ethylamine at —78° gave 75% of 1-ethyl-cyclohexene whereas at 17° a mixture of 45% of 1-ethylcyclohexene and 55% of ethylcyclohexane was obtained [397], Xylenes m- and p-) yielded non-conjugated 2,5-dihydro derivatives, l,3-dimethyl-3,6-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, respectively, on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia in the presence of ethanol (in poor yields) [399]. Reduction of diphenyl with sodium or calcium in liquid ammonia at —70° afforded mainly 1-phenylcyclohexene [400] whereas with sodium in ammonia at 120-125° mainly phenylcyclohexane [393] was formed. 

In an electrolytic cell (Fig. 5) consisting of platinum electrodes (2 cm x 5 cm in area) and cathode and anode compartments separated by an asbestos divider, each compartment is charged with 17 g (0.4 mol) of lithium chloride and 450 ml of anhydrous methylamine. Isopropylbenzene (12 g, 0.1 mol) is placed in the cathode compartment and a total of 50,000 coulombs (2.0 A, 90 V) is passed through the solution in 7 hours. After evaporation of the solvent the mixture is hydrolyzed by the slow addition of water and extracted with ether the ether extracts are dried and evaporated to give 9.0 g (75%) of product boiling at 149-153° and consisting of 89% of a mixture of isomeric isopropylcyclohexenes and 11% of recovered isopropylbenzene. 

Using a model system of H-STXOL/PNPCF/ C-methylamine we have found that we can reliably obtain a good yield of the STXOL/amine product if STXOL solubility and solvent purity are carefully controlled. However, the same reaction conditions generally fail to produce a useful [STXOL]n-protein (n<2) preparation. 

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