Solvents for Dry Cleaning

Aliphatic hydrocarbons or perchloroethylene are used for the chemical cleaning of textiles. Resins are often added to the dipping baths to hydrophobize the textiles [14.259]. 

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Uses. Solvent for dry cleaning and textile processing chemical intermediate metal degreasing... 

Dional. [Hoechst Celanese/Fine Chem.] Fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent for dry cleaning. 

Shell Cydo Sol. [Shell] Aromatic hydro-carbm solvent for dry cleaning, coatings, automotive and chonical q >ecial-ties. 

Uses Solvent for dry cleaning, paints, coatings, automotive and chemical specialties, insecticides, herbicides, additives, industrial cleaners, inks, asphalts, wood preservatives, catalysts Features Narrow boiling range, very high solvency, slow-evaporating ... 

Chem. Descrip. Mineral spirits CAS 64475-85-0 EINECS/ELINCS 232-453-7 Uses Solvent for dry-cleaning, coatings, adhesives, agric., automotive, and chemical specialties, cleaning and polishing com s., pharmaceuticals, inks, textile coatings, asphalt, concrete curing Features Hydrocarbon solvent... 

Uses Solvent for dry-cleaning, paints, coatings, automotive, chemical specialties, commercial and industrial cleaners, insecticides, lighter fluids, resins, plastics, pressure-sensitive adhesives and cements as toner in duplicating machines as odorless min. spirits in paints Features Slow-evaporating Regulatory FDA approvals... 

After getting the know-how to distill benzene from tar of hard coal in 1849, this was used as a solvent for dry cleaning because of its far better cleaning power. But benzene is a strong poison, so it was changed some decades later to petrol, which is explosive. In order to reduce this risk, petrol as dry cleaning solvent was changed to white spirit (USA Stoddard solvent) with a flash point of 40 - 60°C (100 - 140°F) in 1925. 

Perchloroethylene Best solvent for dry cleaning also used for degreasing metals and extraction of fats 125... 

Trichloroethylene is a versatile chemical compound used extensively in vapour degreasing of metals, and to a more limited degree, as a solvent for dry-cleaning and for adhesives. Although the major rate of elimination of trichloroethylene, regardless of the method of exposure, in the rat is by exhalation through the pulmonary system (Daniel 1963), in man the nephrotoxic and genotoxic N-acetyl-S-dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine as an urinary metabolite was found after occupational exposure to 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (Birner et al. 1993). 

Perchloroethylene (PERC), Cl2C=CCl2 is commonly being used as a solvent for dry cleaning. It is now known that PERC contaminates ground water and is a suspected human carcinogen. 

Most of the halocarbons produced by industry are intermediates for the manufacture of various products. Halocarbons are also used as solvents for dry cleaning and degreasing in the mechanical industry. Much of this production ends up in waste waters. Others, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been used as aerosol propellants which were discharged to the atmosphere on a short time scale. Some halocarbons are slowly leaking to the environment for other reasons, as for example CFC-12 used as heat exchanger in refrigerators. CFC-12 concentrations in the atmosphere therefore are still increasing, while concentrations of many other CFCs decrease as a result of restrictions on production and use. 

Uses The major use of PER is as a solvent for dry cleaning. It has replaced almost all other solvents because it is non-flammable and its handling is safe [3661. The concentrations of stabilizers can be kept low. Other uses are metal degreasing (especially aluminum parts), textile finishing, dying and extracting processes. Trichloroacetic acid and some fluorocarbons are made from PER. 

The dry cleaning industry is an excellent example of the use of CO2 to replace a conventional solvent. The traditional solvent for dry cleaning is perchloroethy-lene, referred to as PERC. PERC is designated a hazardous air pollutant and regulated under the Clean Air Act. Dry cleaner employees are not the only people affected by PERC in that dry cleaned clothes release PERC into the air of consumers homes (76). More than 30 billion pounds per year of organic and halogenated solvents are currently estimated to be used in the dry cleaning (77). 

Halogens, although they do not appear to contain electrophilic atoms, add to the double bond of alkenes, giving vicinal dihalides. These compounds have uses as solvents for dry cleaning and degreasing and as antiknock additives for gasoline. 

Uses Solvent for dry cleaning, vapor degreasing, cleaning/degreasing metals, fats. 

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