Solvents detergent range alcohols

Fatty alcohol can be fractionated to separate the C8-C10 fraction, known as plasticizer range alcohol, and the C12-C18, known as the detergent range alcohol. The plasticizer range alcohol is a liquid with good dissolving power. It can be used in a limited way as a solvent for printing inks and lacquers. Esterification with a polycarboxylic acid, such as phthalic anhydride, yields an excellent plasticizer especially for PVC. 

Other Applications. The alcohols through Cg have applications as specialty solvents, as do derivatives of linear and branched hexanols. Inks, coatings, and dyes for polyester fabrics are other application areas for 2-ethylhexanol (63). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a dielectric fluid to replace polychlorinated biphenyls. Trialkyl amines of the linear alcohols are used in solder fluxes, and hexanol is employed as a solvent in a soldering flux (64). Quaternary ammonium compounds of the plasticizer range alcohols are used as surfactants and fungicides, similarly to those of the detergent range alcohols. 

Dyes of this class are designed to be soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons and, hence, are insoluble in water. They are of relatively low molecular weight and have a considerable range of fastness properties. In general, they are not suited for detergent applications. An example of a solvent dye is shown in scheme 6. 

Benzethonium chloride (BEC) is supplied as a white crystalline, odorless material. Early in BEC s history, a methylated derivative, methylbenzethonium chloride, was also available, but it has all but disappeared from use in the last two decades. Both compounds are soluble in polar solvents such as water, low molecular weight alcohols, and glycols and also in nonpolar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethane, and benzene [8]. Aqueous solutions of benzethonium chloride are stable within a pH range of 4-7 [9-11]. BEC offers better detergency action than BAK and exhibits different antimicrobial activity. 

In present day formnlations, only a select few of the total range of solvents are being used mainly in the detergent industry. Majority of them include alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, glycol ethers, and esters. Most of these solvents are known for enhancing the performance of detergents. 

Primary alcohols are by far the most important products made via the hydroformylation route [852]. The lower alcohols (C3-C5) are used as solvents [853, 854,1032], the range from C4-Q3 mainly for the production of plasticizers, especially phthalates [853, 855] and the higher homologs above for detergent manufacture [853]. Nearly three-fourths of the 0x0 output is used for plasticizer manufacture [877, 904]. 

Chem. Descrip. Nonyl phenol ethoxylate 6 moles EO Ionic Nature Nonionic Chem. Analysis 0.05% max. ash Uses Detergent, emulsifier for a wide range of oil and waxes Properties APHA 80 max. cl. to si. hazy liq. sol. in water, alcohol, glycol ethers, simple esters and most aromatic solvents insol in aliphatic solvents and mineral oils. sp. gr. 1.025-1.045 cloud pt. (1% aq.) 61-65 C HLB 11 Canocol NP-9 [Centro China]... 

Uses Solvent and detergent scour for removal of oil and grease stable over broad pH range can be used in sodium peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach baths Properties Amber cl. liq., mild alcoholic odor sp.gr. 0.93 dens. 7.75 Ib/gal pH 6.0-6.5... 

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