Benzyl benzoate solvent

Acid chlorides are reduced by organotin monohydrides as easily as aliphatic bromides. Benzaldehyde is reduced by triphenyltin hydride (4S) and tri-n-butyltin hydride (J2). Inasmuch as aldehydes are reduced quite slowly by the monohydrides this reaction would appear to constitute a convenient method for their synthesis from acid chlorides. However, the reaction product mixture invariably contains ester as well as aldehyde. In the case of benzoyl chloride, for example, reduction with tri- -butyltin hydride in ether provided benzaldehyde (54%) as the major reduction product in the absence of solvent benzyl benzoate (58%) predominated. The reaction sequence (57-60) has been postulated to account for the products formed (32). 

Ben /ben ate [120-51-4] CgH COOCH2CgH, mp, 21°C, cff , 1.118 bp, 323—324°C at 101.3 kPa , 1.5681. This is a colorless, oily liquid with a faiat, pleasant aromatic odor and a sharp, burning taste. It occurs naturally iu Pern and Tolu balsams, is spariugly volatile with steam, and is iusoluble iu water. Benzyl benzoate is prepared commercially by the direct esterification of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol or by reaction of benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate. The pleasant odor of benzyl benzoate, like other benzoic esters, has long been utilized iu the perfume iadustry, where it is employed as a solvent for synthetic musks and as a fixative. It has also been used iu confectionery and chewing gum flavors. 

The cross-condensation reaction of benzyl benzoate (46) and 44 was carried out under solvent-free conditions. Treatment of a 1 1 mixture of 46 and 44a with Bu OK at 120 °C for 1 h gave the cross-condensed product 47a in 42% yield (Scheme 7). Similar reaction of 46 with 44b gave 47b in 45% yield. Because heating of46,44, and Bu OK in toluene under reflux for 16 h did not give any product, it is clear that the solvent-free reaction is again effective for the cross-condensation. In these cases, self-condensation of 44 itself did not occur probably because of the high reactivity of 46 [9]. 

The presence of water is essential for the success of these reductions. In anhydrous THF, for example, treatment of iV-benzoylimidazole with NaBH4 leads to benzyl benzoate as the main product (73%), along with 19% benzyl alcohol.[33] Other reports, however, describe the conversion of carboxylic acid imidazolides to the corresponding alcohols by complex hydrides in organic solvents. Further alcohols have been synthesized via imidazolides ... 

The commercial product is diluted with solvents (e.g., diethyl phthalate, isopropyl myristate, benzyl benzoate) to make it less viscous. It is alkali-stable and does not discolor in light. Therefore, it is a popular ingredient of perfume compositions for soap, detergents, and cosmetics and is used in large amounts. 

Resinoids are prepared by extracting plant exudates (balsams, oleo gum resins, natural oleo resins, and resinous products) with solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or toluene. Yields range from 50 to 95%. The products are usually highly viscous and are sometimes diluted (e.g., with phthalates or benzyl benzoate) to improve their flow and processing properties. 

Benzyl benzoate is used as a solubilizing agent and nonaqueous solvent in intramuscular injections at concentrations of 0.01-46.0% v/v, and as a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose and nitrocellulose. It is also used in the preparation of spray-dried powders using nanocapsules. ... 

Other applications of benzyl benzoate include its use as a pediculicide and as a solvent and fixative for flavors and perfumes in cosmetics and food products. 

The selective formation of carboxylic esters from aldehydes and alcohols in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor such as diphenylacetylene is catalyzed by Ru3(CO)12. For instance, benzyl benzoate is obtained from ben-zaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in 72% yield (CT 54) after 2 hr, when the reaction is carried out without solvent at 147°C (403) ... 

Potassium fluoride on alumina is a solid base.69 (It forms potassium hydroxide by exchange of fluoride for hydroxyl groups on the surface of the alumina.) An example of its use is given by Reaction 6.21.70 It has also been used without solvent in the Tishchenko reaction of benzaldehyde to give benzyl benzoate if 94% yield.71 Potassium fluoride on an aluminum phosphate molecular sieve was a weaker base in the isomerization of 1 -butene.72... 

Acetate, CaHHOy needles from alcohol, mp 149-151 . Mi +22 (alcohol). Soly (g/100 ml of soln) carbon tetrachloride 50. petr ether l.O, ethyl acetate 7.9 acetone 2.7 chloroform 55.0 ethanol 2.5 benzene 26.0 isopropanol 2.0. Soly (g/100 ml of solvent) propylene glycol 0.1 dioxane 20.2 benzyl alcohol It.] benzyl benzoate 9.1. 

The polymerization of the gaseous monomer (bp, 13.9°C) can be performed in solutionv in emulsion, and in suspenrion the polymer is obtmned in the form of a fine powder. It is only difficulty soluble, and elevated temperatures and special solvents such as chloronaphthalene, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, and benzyl benzoate must be ployed. In order to achieve better solubility in a larger number of solvents, the polymers are often subjected to finther treatment, which consists in an afterchlorination, a treatment with acids, or milling. Increased solubility of the polymer is also attained by solution polymerization at high pressures and temperatures. Polyvinyl chloride is insoluble in its own monomer. 

SD alcohol 37 SD alcohol 38-B SD alcohol 38-C SD alcohol 38-D SD alcohol 38-F solvent, musk flavoring agents Benzyl benzoate solvent, musk perfumes Benzyl benzoate solvent, mutual cellulose esters a-Terpineol... 

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the catalytic solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol (overall reaction). Here other products include benzene and benzyl benzoate, typically <3-4%. This overall reaction includes two parallel reactions oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehye, which further oxidizes to behzoic acid and disproportionation of benzyl alcohol to equimolar mixture of toluene and benzaldehyde.

Table 2.28. Yields of products from Barbier reactions of bromoethane with magnesium and benzyl benzoate in various solvents [53]...

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