Solubility in aqueous solutions

The monohydrate is stable up to 540°C, but it is very sensitive to reducing agents. It is slightly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, and more soluble in aqueous solutions of iodides. It is mainly used in animal and fowl feeds. 

Bismuth tribromide may be prepared by dissolving Bi O in excess concentrated hydrobromic acid. The slurry formed is allowed to dry in air, then gendy heated in a stream of nitrogen to remove water, and finally distilled in a stream of dry nitrogen. Bismuth tribromide is soluble in aqueous solutions of KCl, HCl, KBr, and KI but is decomposed by water to form bismuth oxybromide [7787-57-7] BiOBr. It is soluble in acetone and ether, and practically insoluble in alcohol. It forms complexes with NH and dissolves in hydrobromic acid from which dihydrogen bismuth pentabromide tetrahydrate [66214-38-8] H2BiBr 4H2O, maybe crystallized at —lO C. 

The synergistic potential in mixtures with other surfactants as well as with other functional ingredients The high solubility in aqueous solution The superior biodegradability down to complete mineralization... 

Reactions involving organic substances have some special features. Many of these substances are poorly soluble in aqueous solutions. Sometimes their solubilities can be raised by adding to the solution the salts of aromatic sulfonic acids with cations of the type [NHJ or alkali metal ions. These salts have a salting-in effect on poorly soluble organic substances. In many cases solutions in mixed or nonaque-ous solvents (e.g., methanol) are used. Suspensions of the organic substances in aqueous solutions are also useful for electrosynthesis. 

Cyclodextrins as chemically banded layers [102] or mobile phase additives [103-105] have been used successfully to resolve a wide variety of alkaloids, steroids and dansyl- and naphthylamide-amino acid derivatives. The low solubility in aqueous solution and f high cost of cyclodextrins restricted the use of these additives > initially. These limitations were overcome by the availability of ... 

Solubility generally decreases with increase in chain size and extent of branching. The solubility of dextran can be divided into four groups — those that are readily soluble at room temperature in water, IMF, DMSO and dilute base those that have difficulty dissolving in water those that are soluble in aqueous solution only in the presence of base and, those that are soluble only under pressure, at high temperatures (> 100°C) and in the presence of base. Dextran B-512 readily dissolves in water and 6M, 2M glycine and 50% glucose aqueous solutions. 

A Ca2+-specific fluorescent chemosensor 25 in aqueous buffer signals Ca2+ via a decrease in fluorescence intensity, whereas excess of Mg2+ ions has no effect on the emission [85]. This probe has limited solubility in aqueous solution after binding to Ca2+. A Zn2+ sensitive probe 26 showing different fluorescence responses depending on the complexation stoichiometry is described in [86],... 

One way that the cations calcium and magnesium may be removed is by adding washing soda, sodium carbonate, Na2C03- 10 H20. This sodium salt is highly soluble in aqueous solution. The process of adding washing soda to hard... 

Polysaccharide solubility in aqueous solutions usually is dependent on polymer size and its allied three-dimensional structure. Even water-insoluble carbohydrates may be solubilized by controlled hydrolysis of o-glycosidic linkages to create smaller polysaccharide molecules. Thus, cellulose may be solubilized by heating in an alkaline solution until the polymers are broken up sufficiently to reduce their average molecular weight. Many such soluble forms of common polysaccharides are available commercially. 

Since SMPT is not soluble in aqueous solutions it must be first dissolved in organic solvent and an aliquot of this stock solution transferred to the reaction solution. The reagent is soluble... 

M2C2H is slightly soluble in aqueous solutions, reportedly having a maximal solubility of 3.2 mg/ml in 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 5.5. It is also soluble in organic solvents, which allows for the preparation of concentrated stock solutions to be made prior to addition of a small aliquot to an aqueous reaction mixture. The crosslinker is particularly stable in acetonitrile. 

Fluorescein-5-maleimide is slighdy soluble in aqueous solutions above pH 6 ( lmM concentration). It may be dissolved in DMF at higher concentrations and a small addition of this solution made to an aqueous reaction mixture to initiate labeling. Do not exceed 10 percent DMF in the reaction buffer to avoid protein precipitation. At pH 8, the reagent has an extinction coefficient at 490nm of about 78,000M 1 cm-1. 

SAMSA-fluorescein is an orange solid compound. Dissolved in buffer at pH 9.0, its maximal wavelength of absorption or excitation is at 495 nm, while its emission wavelength maximum is 520 nm. The reagent and all solutions and derivatives made from it are light sensitive and should be stored in the dark. SAMSA-fluorescein is soluble in aqueous solutions above pH 6.0, but it can be dissolved in DMF to prepare a concentrated stock solution prior to adding a small amount to a buffered reaction mixture. 

Cascade Blue acetyl azide is soluble in aqueous solution, but the reactive azide group will hydrolyze and should be used immediately in a conjugation reaction. A concentrated stock solution may be prepared in water, dissolved quickly, and an aliquot quickly added to a buffered reaction medium. For aqueous reactions, a pH range of 7-9 is optimal. Avoid amine-containing buffers. 

---