Solid state ionic technologies

The present availabihty of numerous types of solid electrolytes permits transport control of various kinds of mobile ionic species through those solid electrolytes in solid electrochemical cells, and permits electrochemical reactions to be carried out with the surrounding vapor phase to form products of interest. This interfacing of modem vapor deposition technology and solid state ionic technology has led to the recent development of polarized electrochemical vapor deposition (PEVD). PEVD has been applied to fabricate two types of solid state ionic devices, i.e., solid state potenfiometric sensors and solid oxide fuel cells. Investigations show that PEVD is the most suitable technique to improve the solid electrolyte/electrode contact and subsequently, the performance of these solid state ionic devices. 

S.C. Singhal, Advances in solid oxide fuel cell technology, Solid State Ionics 135, 305-313 (2000). 

J. Maier, in Oxygen Ion and Mixed Conductors and their Technological Applications, Vol. 368 Ed. by H. L. Tuller and J. Schoonman and I. Riess NATO Science Series E Applied Sciences, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2000) 399. 19B. Kamp, R. Merkle, and J. Maier, Sens. Actuators B 77 (2001) 534 J. Jamnik, B. Kamp, R. Merkle andj. Maier, Solid State Ionics 150 (2002) 157. 

Refs. [i] West AR (1988) Basic solid state chemistry. Wiley New York, pp 323 [ii] Nazri GA, Pistoia G (eds) (2004) Lithium batteries Science and technology Kluwer, Boston, parts I-III [Hi] David WIF, Shank-land K, McCusker LB, Baerlocher C (eds) (2002) Structure determination from powder diffraction data. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 337 [iv] Jenkins R, Snyder RL (1996) Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry. Wiley, New York, pp 403 [v] Baehtz C, Buhrmester T, Bramnik NN, Nikolowski K, Ehrenberg H (2005) Solid State Ionics 176 1647... 

R. I. Merino, N. Nicoloso, J. Maier, in Ceramic Oxygen Ion Conductors and Their Technological Applications, Ed. B. C. H. Steele, British Ceram. Proc., The Institute of Materials, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 43 K. Sasaki and J. Maier, Solid State Ionics 134 (2000) 303. 

Dyer P N etal, 2000, Ion Transport Membrane Technology for Oxygen Separation and Syngas Production. Solid State Ionics, 134, 21-33. 

Singhal S C, 2000, Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology. Solid State Ionics, 135, 305-313. 

PEVD has been applied to deposit auxiliary phases (Na COj, NaNOj and Na SO ) for solid potenfiometric gaseous oxide (CO, NO, and SO ) sensors, as well as a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic phase to form composite anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. In both cases, the theoretically ideal interfacial microstructures were realized. The performances of these solid state ionic devices improved significantly. Eurthermore, in order to set the foundation for future PEVD applications, a well-defined PEVD system has been studied both thermodynamically and kinetically, indicating that PEVD shows promise for a wide range of technological applications. 

Iwahara, H., Asakura, Y., Katahira, K., and Tanaka, M., Prospects of hydrogen technology using proton-conducting ceramics. Solid State Ionics, 168, 299, 2004. 

Dyer PN, Richards RE, Russek SL, and Taylor DM. Ion transport membrane technology for oxygen separation and S3mgas production. Solid State Ionics 2000 134 21-33. 

Williams, M.C., Strakey, J.P., Surdoval, W.A., and Wilson, L.C. Solid oxide fuel cell technology development in the U.S. Solid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2039. 

Kreuer, K.D. (1997) On the development of proton conducting materials for technological applications. Solid State Ionics, 97, 1-15. 

K.D. Kreuer, Solid State Ionics and Technology, B.V.R. Chowdari et al. 

The electrochemistry of solids is of great current interest to research and development. The technical applications include batteries with solid electrolytes, high-tempe-rature fuel cells, sensors for measuring partial pressures or activities, display units and, more recently, the growing field of chemotronic components. The science and technology of solid state electrolytes is sometimes called solid-state ionics, analogous to the field of solid-state electronics. Only basic knowledge of physical chemistry and thermodynamics is required to read this book with utility. The chapters can be read independently from one another. - The. author, well known from his many publica-... 

K. D. Kreuer, On the Development of Proton Conducting Materials for Technological Applications, Solid State Ionics, 97, 1 (1997). 

Krueger JJ, Simon PP, Ploehn HJ (2002) Macromolecules 35 5630-5639 Paddison SJ, Ziawodzinski TA (1998) Solid State Ionics 113-115 333 Galperin D, Khokhlov AR (2006) Macromol Theory Simul 15 137-146. Kreuer KD (2003) Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology and Applications. Volume 3 Fuel Cell Technology and Applications, Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger H (eds.), J Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR (2000) J Chem Phys 112 4849 61 Young SK, Trevino SF, Tan NCB (2002) J Polym Sci, Part B Polym Phys 40 387 0... 

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