Solid technologies

Natural esters are widely used by the aroma and fragrance industries because of their fruity or floral taste/odor. Many of them are alkyl esters of formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. The development of an efficient biotechnological process, compatible with the natural label for the products but offering costs comparable to the costs of chemical processes, has been achieved, representing the first application of gas/solid technology on an industrial scale [51]. 

Tetrahydrofuran (freezing point -108°C, boiling point 67°C, density 0.8892) can be manufactured from butane by using circulating solids technology in which butane is oxidized to maleic acid and thence to tetrahy-drofuran (Fig. 1). 

Singh, S., A study of electrostatic activity in a full scale pneumatic conveying system, J. Powder Bulk Solids Technology, 7, No. 2, 13-16, 1983. 

Optical information storage, which has been a dream since the discovery of the laser, is now becoming a commercial reality. Read-only consumer products (video and digital audio disks) have provided a solid technological base for the development and introduction of the more sophisticated write-once and erasable recording systems. This chapter will review the current status of polymeric materials as substrates, protective layers, and active recording media in laser recording. 

B.45 Agglomerations- und Schiittgut-Technik (Agglomeration and Bulk Solids Technologies), Preprints, GVC, VDI GeseUschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen, Diisseldorf, Germany (1991). 

Dr. Pietsch is a Senior Consultant in the general fields of Mechanical Process Engineering (Powder Bulk Solids Technologies) and, particularly. Size Enlargement by Agglomeration for COMPACTCONSULT, Inc. of Naples, FL, USA. 

FriSO] Friedrich R (1980) Powder Compression with corotating twin-screw extruders. J Journal of Powder Bulk Solids Technology vol 4 No 4 pp 27-32... 

Figure 3.3 SOLID technology. Fragmentation of a template DNA and specific adapter (A and B) ligation (A). Emulsion PCR in individual microreactors, which resulted in clonal amplification of each template molecule (B). The surface of the sequencing slide after loading the amplified template (C). The basis of color-coding (D). (See color insert.)...

In this process the centrate is the main product. Thus the cake needs to be as dry as possible to enhance yield of the product. The cake is compressible and thus dry solids technology could be applied. 

Mills E D and Mason J S 1979 J. of Powder Bulk solids Technology S, 13-20. 

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