Solid design aspects

To design an effective delivery system, it is important to know the physical state of the API in the dosage form therefore, this chapter will focus to a large extent on the solid-state aspects of the solid oral dosage forms. Tests that demonstrate that the state of the API within the dosage unit is in a specified, physical form increase the dependability and understanding of product performance. 

Table 14.1-1 classifies various types of equipment for gas-liquid reactions. It is based on geometric aspects, the presence or absence a solid catalyst, and the flow directions. Before discussing model equations and specific design aspects the various types of reactors of Table 14.1-1 will be briefly characterized in a qualitative way. 

IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, a monthly periodical published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It deals with design aspects of electronics circuits. 

Joshi JB. Solid-liquid fluidised beds some design aspects. Chem Eng Res Des 61 143-161, 1983. 

Unique Performance Parameters and Design Aspects of Solid Electrolyte Cells... 

Outstanding performance capabilities and design aspects of solid electrolyte cells are briefly summarized as follows ... 

This chapter presents some design aspects of solid and layered vessels with pressures in e range of 10,000 to 100,000 psi and higher. In these high pressures prestressing, or autofrettaging, becomes an important consideration in... 

C. D. Pears, Characteri tion of Several Typical Polygraphites with Some Convergence on Solid Billet ATJ-S (Proceeding of the Conference on Continuum Aspects on Graphite Design, 1970), CONP-7001105, NTIS, Springfield, Va., 1972, pp. 115—136. 

LandtiUing of Solid Wastes Landfilling involves the controlled disposal of solid wastes on or in the upper layer of the earth s mantle. Important aspects in the implementation of sanitary landfills include (1) site selection, (2) landfimng methods and operations, (3) occurrence of gases and leachate in landfills, (4) movement and control of landfill gases and leachate, and (5) landfill design. The landfilling of hazardous wastes is considered separately. 

Particulate filtration removes suspended liquid or solid materials whose size, shape, and mass allow them to remain airborne at the air velocity conditions present. Filters are available in a range of efficiencies, with higher efficiency indicating removal of a greater proportion of particles and of smaller particles. Moving to medium efficiency pleated filters is advisable to improve lAQ and increase protection for equipment. However, the higher the efficiency of the filter, the more it will increase the pressure drop within the air distribution system and reduce total airflow (unless other adjustments are made to compensate). It is important to select an appropriate filter for the specific application and to make sure that the HVAC system will continue to perform as designed. Filters are rated by different standards which measure different aspects of performance. 

Thus, methods are now becoming available such that process systems can be designed to manufacture crystal products of desired chemical and physical properties and characteristics under optimal conditions. In this chapter, the essential features of methods for the analysis of particulate crystal formation and subsequent solid-liquid separation operations discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 will be recapitulated. The interaction between crystallization and downstream processing will be illustrated by practical examples and problems highlighted. Procedures for industrial crystallization process analysis, synthesis and optimization will then be considered and aspects of process simulation, control and sustainable manufacture reviewed. 

Crystallization Process Systems brings together essential aspects of the concepts, information and techniques for the design, operation and scale up of particulate crystallization processes as integrated crystal formation and solid-liquid separation systems. The focus of the book, however, is on crystallization only dealing with related unit operations as far as is necessary. It is therefore... 

Four major aspects should be taken into consideration for the design of suitable solid electrolytes ... 

The third aspect, the stability range of solid electrolytes, is of special concern for alkaline-ion conductors since only a few compounds show thermodynamic stability with, e.g., elemental lithium. Designing solid electrolytes by considering thermodynamic stability did lead to very interesting compounds and the discovery of promising new solid electrolytes such as the lithium nitride halides [27]. However, since solid-state reactions may proceed very slowly at low temperature, metasta-... 

Some further important aspects for the design of solid electrolytes and solid electrodes for battery-type applications are the following ... 

With new plastics and processing techniques always becoming available, the design challenge becomes easier, even when taking today s solid-waste problem into account. Today s plastics and processes allow designers to incorporate and interrelate all the aspects of success. In products such as electronics, medical devices, transportation controls, and many others where user-friendly design is required, it has to be obvious to all that plastics play an important role. 

Bubble-column slurry operations are usually characterized by zero net liquid flow, and the particles are held suspended by momentum transferred from the gas phase to the solid phase via the liquid medium. The relationships between solids holdup and gas flow rate is of importance for design of bubble-column slurries, and some studies of this aspect will be reviewed prior to the discussion of transport phenomena. 

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