Solanum glycosides

The Solanum glycosides, for example, have the following compositions ... 

Birch AJ, Massy-Westropp RA, Wright SE, Kubota T, Matsuura T, Sutherland MD (1954) Ipomeamarone and ngaione. Chem Ind (London) 902 Bishop GJ, Nomura T, Yokota T, Harrison K, Noguchi T, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Jones JDG, Kamiya Y (1999) The tomato DWARF enzyme catalyzes C-6-oxidation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA 96 1761-1766 Bite P, Shabana MM (1972) Solanum glycosides. VIII. Solashabanine and solaradinine. Acta Chim Acad Sci Hung 73 361-362... 

Vitamin rarely occurs in plants. However, Solanumglaucophjllum Solanum malacoyyhn Cestrum diumum and TrinetumJlavescens have been shown to contain water-soluble glycosides of vitamin D analogues with 1 a,25-dihydroxy-vitarnin D activity (16—22). The vitamin D content in various plant and animal materials is shown in Table 3. Vitamin D occurs naturally in all animals (24). 

The structural features of the solanum alkaloids are based on two primary skeletal configurations solanidane, with or without glycoside functionalities, as featured by the toxic and teratogenic steroidal alkaloids a-chaconine and a-solanine with the indolizidine type E-F ring (Figure 2.7a) and the spirosolane... 

Bognar, R. 1965. Steroid alkaloid glycosides. VIII. Review of specific investigations on the occurrence of steroid alkaloid glycosides in genus Solanum. Pharmazie 20 40-42. 

Sohreiber, K. 1963. On the appearance of glycoside alkaloid in tuber-bearing species of the genus Solanum L. solanum alkaloids. XXVII. KulturpHanze 11 422-450. 

Hypercalcaemia and soft-tissue calcification have been found in animals grazing on plants such as Cestrum diumum and Solanum malacoxylon, and attributed to the presence of a l,25-(OH)2D3-glycoside.453 The calcinogenic plant Trisetum flavescens causes severe calcification on ingestion, but the vitamin D3 species responsible has not been identified 454... 

A variant on the way the cholesterol side-chain is cyclized can be found in solanidine (Figure 6.126), which contains a condensed ring system with nitrogen at the bridgehead. Solanidine is found in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), typically as the glycoside a-solanine (Figure 6.126). This condensed ring system appears to be produced by a branch from the main pathway to solasodine/... 

Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae) glycosides in Plumbago rosea (Plumbaginaceae), Delphinium consolida (Ranunculaceae), Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae), Verbena hybrida (Verbenaceae)... 

Calcitriol (la,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D3, 105) (O Scheme 41) is involved in calcium metabolism. Glycosides of this compound occur in plants [200,201] and also as metabolites in mammal organisms. -Glucopyranosides of 105 linked to the C-1, C-3, or C-25 hydroxyfunctions were tested in vivo (rats) and compared with the aglycon. These glycosides occur as potential sources of vitamin D in plants, e. g., Solanum malacoxylon [200] where... 

Fig. 2 TLC-immunostainings of steroidal alkaloid glycosides in the crude extracts of Solanum species fruits. Crude extracts were developed by a CHCl3-Me0H-NH40H solvent system on silica gel TLC plate. After being transferred to a PVDF membrane, the membrane was treated with NaI04 and stained by MAb. Spots 1-3 were identified with khasianine, solamargine, and solasonine, respectively.

Solanum incanum L. [intfuma, bitter apple] (Solanaceae) root bark infusion is used in the treatment of backaches. The root bark contains flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, saponins and steroids (15). 

H.p.l.c. procedures are described for the separation of cardiac glycosides,126 metabolites of ecdysone,126 and solanum and veratrum alkaloids.127... 

Vitamin D metabolites have been found in plants. En-teque Seca, a disease of cattle that graze on the plant Solanum glaucophyllum (malacoxalon) in South America, is characterized by calcinosis and soft-tissue calcification. Aqueous extracts of the leaves of this and other plants that have been used to treat uremic bone disease contain glycosides of l,25-(OH)2D. 

Aphids are sap-feeding insects causing direct damage to the agricultural crops and are virus vectors (221, 222). Luciamin, isolated from Solanum laxum, exerts a deterrent effect on aphids and was the first steroidal glycoside found to possess this property (223). 

Ikeda T, Tsumagari H, Honbu T, Nohara T (2003) Cytotoxic Activity of Steroidal Glycosides from Solanum Plants. Biol Pharm Bull 26 1198... 

Honbu T, Ikeda T, Zhu X-H, Yoshihara O, Okawa M, Nafady AM, Nohara T (2002) New Steroidal Glycosides from the Fruits of Solanum anguivi. J Nat Prod 65 1918... 

Ono M, Nishimura K, Suzuki K, Fukushima T, Igoshi K, Yoshimitsu H, Ikeda T, Nohara T (2006) Steroidal Glycosides from the Underground Parts of Solanum sodomaeum. Chem Pharm Bull 54 230... 

Iida Y, Yanai Y, Ono M, Ikeda T, Nohara T (1998) Three Unusual 22-/3-0-23-Hydroxy-(5a)-Spirostanol Glycosides from the Fruits of Solanum torvum. Chem Pharm Bull 53 1112... 

The glycoalkaloid content of sixteen wild, tuber-bearing Solanum species has been investigated the solasodine glycosides sola-... 

The solasodine glycosides solasonine and solamargine have been isolated from dried leaves of Solanum persicum The same glycosides were found in unripe fruits... 

The steroidal alkaloidal glycoside P-solamarine is isolated from woody night-shade Solanum dulcamara Linn., (Family Solanaceae). 

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