Elimination, direction

Eveiy effort should be made to eliminate direct (Bourdon-type) pressure gauges. Diaphragm pressure gauges constructed of appropriate corrosion-resistant materials are preferred. Flow limiters should be used to limit flow in case of loss of integrity... 

These component balances are conceptually identical to a component balance written for a homogeneous system. Equation (1.6), but there is now a source term due to mass transfer across the interface. There are two equations (ODEs) and two primary unknowns, Og and a . The concentrations at the interface, a and a, are also unknown but can be found using the equilibrium relationship, Equation (11.4), and the equality of transfer rates. Equation (11.5). For membrane reactors. Equation (11.9) replaces Equation (11.4). Solution is possible whether or not Kjj is constant, but the case where it is constant allows a and a to be eliminated directly... 

It was not until recently that Chen and Goodman probed the influence of the oxide support material on the intrinsic properties at the metal surface. By covering a titania support with one or two flat atomic layers of gold they eliminated, direct adsorbate-support interactions as well as particle size and shape effects. Their results definitively showed that the electronic properties at the metal surface changed due to charge transfer between the support and the metal. Furthermore, their comparison of one- and two-layer films highlighted the dependence of these effects on the thickness of the metal slab. 

Apart from drugs directed at hepatocytes and renal tubular cells, in the case of the majority of conventional drugs, it is likely that the drug is not eliminated directly from the target site, and therefore r = 0, which further simplifies Eq. 13.24 to ... 

Table 1) [7h, 19, 25, 26b, 27], and eventually -elimination directly from 14 or after transformation of the substituent Y on the cyclopropane ring into a better leaving group Z. 

Because of their frequently complicated shapes, three-dimensional (3D) objects require different coating techniques, such as spray, dip, and flow and spin coating. The lamps in curing units for 3D objects are stationary and the parts pass in front of them. They usually rotate two to three times as they pass through the irradiation zone. The irradiation zone must have a shield to eliminate direct and first scattered light. Because of the complexity of coated parts and high demands on quality, UV lamps are frequently mounted on robotics (shown previously in Figure 7.1). 

Whether the sulfur is eliminated as a metal sulfide, as shown in the section entitled Hydroforming Reaction and burned off during regeneration of the catalyst, or is eliminated directly as hydrogen sulfide is a function of the pressure and catalyst holding time. At high pressure the bulk of the sulfur is eliminated as hydrogen sulfide. 

Over most catalysts, with the notable exception of thoria [130], the thermodynamically more stable olefins are formed (Saytzeff rule) as primary products when two elimination directions are possible. This is in agreement with the results concerning other elimination reactions, both in the liquid phase (cf. refs. 64 and 65) and over solid catalysts. The striking difference in the action of thoria has been explained on the basis of a different mechanism [68],... 

In the one-compartment model the entire body is considered as one unit (Figure 2.1 A). The drug is administered into the compartment and distributed throughout the compartment (the body) instantaneously.1 Similarly, the drug is eliminated directly from the one compartment at a rate measured by fcel, the elimination rate constant. The time course of the drug, as measured in the... 

From our discussion of intermolecular additions, we would not expect these cyclizations of carbon radicals to occur in the elimination direction, and indeed cyclic radicals in five-membered or larger rings do not ordinarily open according to Equation 9.115. If the ring is small or highly strained, on the other hand,... 

However, using a chlorinated version of a related ester compound 36 (Scheme 5.17) required only one silver equivalent to prepare pyrrolofuranone 37, since chlorine elimination directly provided the final product without the need of a silver-mediated oxidation. 

It is noticeable that all the above examples do not have alkyl substituents at C-l or C-2, and that they are generally 3,3-disubstituted. The reason for this is often that the product cyclopropenes in other cases either react further, e.g. by migration of the double bond induced by base9, or, in the case of 1-halo-l-alkylcyclopropanes, eliminate directly to produce the less strained methylenecyclopropane22 ... 

The 4-O-methylglucuronic acid groups prevent the peeling of xylan chains at lower temperatures (< 100°C) but they offer only a partial protection at higher temperatures. Since the 4-O-methylglucuronic acid groups are bound to the C-2 position in the xylose units, no conversion of this carbon atom to a carbonyl group can take place. Instead, HO-3 is eliminated directly (/8-hydroxy elimination). 

The acid and alcohol or amine formed on hydrolysis can be eliminated directly or conjugated by phase II reactions. In general, amide analogs are hydrolyzed at slower rates than the corresponding esters. 

---