Phosphorus, soil

T. S. Gahoonia and N. E. Nielsen, Variation in root hairs of barley cultivars doubled soil phosphorus uptake. Euphytica 98 11 (1997). 

H Keith, R. J. Raison, and K. L. Jacobson, Allocation of carbon in a mature eucalypt forest and some effects of soil phosphorus availability. Plant Soil 796 81 (1997). 

Oberson A, Fardeau JC, Besson JM, Sticher H (1993) Soil phosphorus dynamics in cropping systems according to conventional and biological agricultural soils. Biol Fertil Soils 16 111-117... 

Parham JA, Deng SP, Raun WR, Johnson GV (2002) Long-term cattle manure application in soil. I. Effect on soil phosphorus levels, microbial biomass C, and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities. Biol Fertil Soils 35 328-337... 

Sawyer JE. Differentiating and understanding the Mehlich 3, Bray and Olsen soil phosphorus tests. Available at http //www.agronext.iastate.edu/soilfertility/ presentations/mbotest.pdf. Accessed June 3,2013. 

Brah and Bishnoi [74] have studied the effect of temperature and soil phosphorus status on the determination of extractable phosphorus by Olsen s method [71]. 

Kuo, R.J. Matijevic, E. (1980) Particle adhesion and removal in model systems. III. Monodisperse ferric oxide on steel. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 78 407-421 Kuo, S. Jellum, E.J. (1994) The effect of soil phosphorus buffering capacity on phosphorus extraction by iron oxide-coated paper strips in some acid soils. Soil Sci. 158 124-131... 

The second reason for acid-digestion is the determination of the total soil elemental content of, e.g. potassium, phosphorus or trace elements. This is seldom done for potassium in normal soil samples, mainly because the total K in soils is of no value as an index to the availability of K to plants, nor is it always of value in tracing the movement or accumulation of applied fertilizer K (Pratt, 1965). The unreactive soil phosphorus is obtained by subtracting the naturally leached reactive phosphorus from the total phosphorus, and a method for determining the latter by extraction with sulphuric acid and potassium persulphate is cited by Turner and FHaygarth (2000). They analysed... 

Williams, C.H. (1950) Studies on soil phosphorus. I. A method for the partial fractionation of soil phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Science 40, 233-242. 

Edwards, A.C. and Withers, P.J.A. 1998. Soil phosphorus management and water quality A... 

Buresh, R.J., Smithson, P.C. and Heliums, D.T. 1997. Building soil phosphorus capital in Africa. In Buresh, R.J., Sanchez, P.A. and Calhoun, F. (eds) Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa. Soil Science Society of America/American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp. 111-149. 

Cobbina J, Miller JE. 1987. Purpling in maize hybrids as influenced by temperature and soil phosphorus. Agron J 79 576-582. 

Transport Models That Assume Two Types of Phosphorus Sorption Sites. Mansell and Selim (1981) assumed applied soil phosphorus can react reversibly with two broad kinds of sorption sites—those exhibiting high rates, and those showing low rates. Such a model can be represented as... 

Mechanistic Multiphase Model for Reactions and Transport of Phosphorus Applied to Soils. Mansell et al. (1977a) presented a mechanistic model for describing transformations and transport of applied phosphorus during water flow through soils. Phosphorus transformations were governed by reaction kinetics, whereas the convective-dispersive theory for mass transport was used to describe P transport in soil. Six of the kinetic reactions—adsorption, desorption, mobilization, immobilization, precipitation, and dissolution—were considered to control phosphorus transformations between solution, adsorbed, immobilized (chemisorbed), and precipitated phases. This mechanistic multistep model is shown in Fig. 9.2. 

Amer, F., Bouldin, D. R., and Black, C. A. (1955). Characterization of soil phosphorus by anion exchange resin adsorption and 32P equilibration. Plant Soil 6, 391-394. 

Condron, L.M., Goh, K.M., and Newman, R.H. (1985) Nature and distribution of soil phosphorus as revealed by a sequential extraction method followed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. J. Soil Sci. 36, 199-207. 

Verweij, A. and H.L. Boter. 1976. Degradation of S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate in soil Phosphorus-containing products. Pestic. Sci. 7 355-362. 

Arsenic in soilds has been fractionated by Jackson s T28) procedure for soil phosphorus (15. 27). In this laboratory, a modification of Jackson s procedure is being used on sediment solids. A series of 1 molar solutions of NH4CI, NH4OH, acid ammonium oxalate (29) and HCl are used in sequence. The chloride fraction, or exchangeable fraction, contains weakly adsorbed, coulombically bound arsenic. The hydroxide fraction, contains iron and aluminum arsenate precipitates and surface precipitates (i.e. adsorbed arsenic species having both chemical and coulombic bonding to oxide surfaces). The oxalate, or reductant soluble fraction, contains arsenic occluded in amorphous weathering products. The acid, or calcium, fraction contains arseno-apatites. 

Crews T. E., Kitayama K., Fownes J. H., Riley R. H., Herbert D. A., Mueller-Dombois D., and Vitrousek P. M. (1995) Changes in soil phosphorus fractions and ecosystem dynamics across a long chronosequence in Hawaii. Ecology (Washington, DC) 76(5), 1407-1424. 

The natureil influx of phosphorus to soils is hard to assess since no measurements appear to have been made on that proportion of atmosphere fallout of phosphorus (3.6—9.2 Tg P y loc. cit.) which is due to sea spray. According to Hutchinson (1952), the deposition of guano contributes about 0.01 Tg P y to terrestrial phosphorus. On 1972 figures, man-made annual contributions to soil phosphorus were 9.93 Tg in the form of superphosphates (FAO, 1975) and 1.1 Tg as human excreta used as a fertilizer (Pierrou, 1976). 

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