Soil nitrogen dynamics

Soil organic matter, containing substantial amounts of N, plays a key 

The dynamics of the system depend on such factors as the inputs of plant 

Denitrification is an important process in that N is thereby lost from 38 

Nitrite is very important in N transformations because it is an intermediate product in aerobic nitrification by the bacteria Nitrosomonas and 

Nitrobacter as well as in anaerobic denitrification processes Although the above scheme emphasises the important role of nitrite, this anion is rarely found in nature. Only occasionally does it accumulate in soils, depending on soil characteristics and agricultural practices. 

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Skjemstad JO, Spouncer LR, Cowie B, Swift RS (2004) Calibration of the Rathamsted organic carbon turnover model using measurable soil organic carbon pools. Aus J Soil Res 42 79-88 Soon YK, Malhi SS (2005) Soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by landscape position and nitrogen fertilizer. Can J Soil Sci 85 579-587... 

Buresh RJ, Chua TT, Castillo EG, Liboon SP, Garrity DP. 1993a. Fallow and Sesbania effects on soil nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice-based cropping systems. Agronomy Journal 85 316-321. 

McClaugherty C. A., Pastor J., Aber J. D., and MeUllo J. M. (1985) Eorest litter decomposition in relation to soil nitrogen dynamics and litter quality. Ecology (Tempe) 66(1), 266-275. 

H. H. Janzen and Y. Bruinsma, Methodology for the quantification of root and rhizosphere nitrogen dynamics by exposure of shoots to N labelled ammonia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2/ 189 (1989). 

C. A. Cambardella and E. T. Elliott, Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of soil organic matter fractions from cultivated grasslands soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58 123 (1994). 

J. H. van Ginkel, A. Gorissen, and J. A. van Veen, Carbon and nitrogen allocation in Loliiim perenne in response to elevated atmospheric CO with emphasis on soil carbon dynamics. Plant Soil 188 299 (1997). 

T. Katterer, A-C. Hansson, and O. Andren, Wheat root biomass and nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation and fertili.sation. Plant Soil 151 21 (1993). 

Larsen T, Luxhoi J, Magid J, Jensen LS, Krogh PH (2007) Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modeling. Biol Fertil Soils 44 59-68... 

Neill, C., Piccolo, M. C., Melillo, J. M., Steudler, P. A., Ceni, C. C. (1999). Nitrogen dynamics in Amazon forest and pasture soils measured by 15N pool dilution. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 31, 567-572. 

Kirk GJD, Kronzucker HJ. 2000. Nitrogen uptake by rice roots. In Kirk GJD, Oik DC, eds. Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Flooded Soils. Manila International Rice Research Institute, 147-162. 

Tripathi BP, Ladha JK, Timsina J, Pascua SR. 1997. Nitrogen dynamics and balance in intensified rainfed lowland rice-based cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61 812-821. 

Drinkwater, L.E., Janke, R.R. and Rossoni-Longnecker, L. 2000. Effects of tillage intensity on nitrogen dynamics and productivity in legume-based grain systems. Plant and Soil 227 99-113. 

Melillo, J. M., Aber, J. D., Linkins, A. E., Ricca, A.,Fry, B., and Nadelhoffer, K. J. (1989). Carbon and nitrogen dynamics along the decay continuum plant litter to soil organic matter. Plant Soil 115,189-198. 

Lynch, D. H., Voroney, R. P., and Warman, P. R. (2006). Use of 13C and 1SN natural abundance techniques to characterize carbon and nitrogen dynamics in composting and in compost amended soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38,103-114. 

A number of kinetically based models to describe nitrogen reactions in soils are presented in Table 9.1. The model of Mehran and Tanji (1974) will be elaborated on since it includes many aspects of nitrogen dynamics in soils. 

Hirobe, M., Koba, K. Tokuchi, N. (2003). Dynamics of the internal soil nitrogen cycles under moder and mull forest floor types on a slope in a Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantation. Ecological Research, 18, 5-64. 

B. J. FeigI, and C. C. Cerri. 1995. "Nitrogen dynamics in soils of forests and active pastures in the western Brazilian Amazon basin." Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 27 1167-1175. 

Biologically mediated reactions (e.g., assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification) strongly control nitrogen dynamics in the soil, as briefly described below. These reactions almost always result in enrichment of the substrate and depletion of the product. 

Aber J. D., Melillo J. M., and McClaugherty C. A. (1990) Predicting long-term patterns of mass loss, nitrogen dynamics, and soil organic matter formation from initial fine litter chemistry in temperate forest ecosystems. Can. J. Botany 68(10), 2201-2208. 

Mclnerney M. and Bolger T. (2000b) Temperature, wetting cycles and soil texture effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in stabilized earthworm casts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32(3), 335-349. 

Groffman P. M., Driscoll C. T., Fahey T. J., Hardy J. P., Fitzhugh R. D., and Tierney G. L. (2001) Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry 56, 191-213. 

Harper LA, Sharpe RR. 1995. Nitrogen dynamics in irrigated com Soil-plant nitrogen and atmospheric ammonia transport. Agron J 87(4) 669-675. 

Bittman S, Hunt DE and Shaffer MJ (2001) NLOS (NLEAP On STELLA ) - A nitrogen cycling model with a graphical interface implications for model developers and users. In Shaffer MJ, Ma L and Hansen S, eds. Modeling carbon and nitrogen dynamics for soil management, pp. 383-402. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,... 

In the natural ecosystem, the nitrogen content in the soil is kept at a fairly steady level which depends on the climate, vegetation type, physicochemical characteristics of the soil, nature of the terrain, and microflora and microfauna activity [23]. The nitrogen-soil relationship is, however, simultaneously dynamic, and any change of characteristics of the environment can result in a change of the soil nitrogen level. As a result of this, there are different nitrogen contents in different soils, not only in the topsoil, but also in the profile. 

DeBusk, W. R, J. R. White, and K. R. Reddy. 2001. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in wetland soils. In M. J. Shaffer, L. Ma, and S. Hansen, (eds.) Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 27-53. 

Gorissen, A., Cotrufo, M.E., 1999. Elevated carbon dioxide effects on nitrogen dynamics in grasses, with emphasis on rhizosphere processes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63,1695-1702. 

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