Cryptomeria japonica

The wood of Cryptomeria japonica, a Japanese cedar tree, yields an oil which contains a sesquiterpene to which the name suginene has been assigned. It has the following characters —... 

Chikaraishi, Y., Naraoka, H. and Poulson, S. R. (2004a) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during lipid biosynthesis in a higher plant (Cryptomeria japonica). Phytochemistry 65, 323. 

Figure 9 shows 180/160 in a Cryptomeria japonica compared with a local temperature record, in southern Japan, from the weather station at Miyazaki. The tree grew at 1,350 meters altitude whereas Miyazaki is at sea level. 

In figure 12 we show oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in a Japanese Cryptomeria japonica, also from the island of Yaku at the southern tip of Japan as is the modern cedar (figure 9), for the years 137-1900 A.D., compared with temperatures deduced from old diaries for Japan and China. 

Cryptomeria japonica Santa 1 sea Barbara core Bristlecone Pine Greenland Ice Well... 

Cryptomeria Japonica 168 A.D. - 1885 A.D. Yaku Island, Japan Sequoia Gigantea 1749 A.D. - 1975 A.D. Three Rivers, California... 

Serpula lacrymans Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 15 53 Takahashi eta/. (1 989)... 

The mechanism was confirmed by enzymatic experiments [20, 21]. A crude enzyme preparation from A. officinalis cultured cells catalyzed the conversion of j9-coumaryl alcohol and j9-coumaroyl CoA to (Z)-hinokiresinol [20], while a crude enzyme preparation from Cryptomeria japonica cultured cells mediated the formation of ( )-hinokiresinol from the same substrates [21]. In addition, both enzyme preparations converted j9-coumaryl j9-coumarate into (Z)-hinokiresinol and ( )-hinokiresinol [20, 21]. Thus, the biosynthesis of hinokiresinol originating from phenylpropanoid monomers was established. 

Suzuki S, YamamuraM, ShimadaM et al (2004) A heartwood norlignan, ( )-hinokiresinol, is formed from 4-coumaryl 4-coumarate by a Cryptomeria japonica enzyme preparation. Chem Commun 2838-2839... 

Additional examples of isolated natural repellents include the compounds sandaracopimarinol and (15,6i )-2,7(l4),10-bisabolatrien-l-ol-4-one isolated and identified from Cryptomeria japonica as repellents against Armadillidium vulgare which is well known as an unpleasant household pest and as a vegetable pest in Japan (Fig. These compounds strongly repelled A. vulgare when they were combined, although each compound alone did not show any activity. 

Fig. 6. Insect repellents identified from Cryptomeria japonica.

Morisawa J, Kim C, Kashitvagi T, Tebayashi S, Horike M, Repellents in the Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, against the Pill-bug, Armadillidium vul-gate, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 66 2424—2428, 2002. 

Mirabilis viscosa Currania robertiana Calceolaria chelidonioides Cryptomeria japonica Amomum koenigii Amomum koenigii... 

Other activities on the gastrointestinal system included antidiarrhoeal and gastroprotective effects. Satureja hortensis and Aloysia triphylla EOs inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoea in rodents [225, 255]. The EO of lavender and its components (linalool, linalyl acetate) and the EO of Cryptomeria japonica (ter-pin-4-ol and elemol) showed protective activities against acute ethanol/aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rodents [200,254]. 

Still other woods are used for tight cooperage in the orient such as Albizzia odoratissima in Ceylon and Burma (8) and Cryptomeria japonica in Japan (9), but what their effect would be on European-type wines is not known. 

Investigation on antifeedants against a snail species that is a worldwide pest of many vegetables and several other crops, Acusta despesta, focused on the crude methanol extract from the Japanese cedar or Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica (Taxodiaceae). Two active compounds were isolated from the hexane extract (fractionated from the crude... 

Hirobe, M., Koba, K. Tokuchi, N. (2003). Dynamics of the internal soil nitrogen cycles under moder and mull forest floor types on a slope in a Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantation. Ecological Research, 18, 5-64. 

Surface-etherified Makamba Beiula maximowieziana Regal) specimens were used for shear strength tests. Other tests used Sugi Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sap wood. 

Figure 15 Effect of sodium hydroxide concentrations as a pretreatment for benzyla-tion on the thermoplasticity of Sugi surfaces. Note pretreatment time was 1 h. Benzyla-tion conditions were at 120°C for 1 h. Sugi Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). Angle of glossiness was 60°.

Figure 1 Effect of acetylation on the decay resistance of wood against Tyromyces palustris (A). Serpula lacrymans (B), Coriolus versicolor (C), and soil burial (D). (O) Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), ( ) Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora) (A) albizzia (Albizia falcata), (A) Japanese beech (Fagus crenata). Relative weight loss = Wj/Wi X 100, W, weight loss of control wood W2. weight loss of acetylated wood.

Imai, T. and Nomura, M. (2005) Induction of the biosynthesis of agatharesinol, a norlignan, in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica under humidity-regulated circumstances. /. Wood Sci., 51, 537-41. 

As biomass samples, sugi Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and buna (Fagus crenala Blume) woods were selected for supercritical water treatment. In addition, microciystalline cellulose (avicel), glucomannan extracted from softwood dissolving pulp, larch xylan (Shigma Co., Ltd.), and milled wood lignin (MWL) from buna wood were studied to understand reaction behaviors of wood components dunng supercritical water treatment. 

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don/Japanese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook./China fir Picea morrisonicola Hay./Taiwan spruce Pinus armandi Franch/Armand pine Pinus luchuensis Mayr./Luchu pine Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay./Taiwania Tsuga chinensis Fritz./Chinese hemlock... 

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