Sodium tetra-hydrate

The solubility of sodium hydroxide at —20° is 16 0, and at 192°, 83 9. The solubility curve of potassium hydroxide 29 shows the existence of the mono-, di-, and tetra-hydrates. There is a eutectic near —66° with a 30 per cent. KOH soln. between ice, and tetrahydrated potassium hydroxide, K0H.4H20, which passes into dihydrated potassium hydroxide at about —32-7°. The dihydrate is deposited when cone. aq. soln. are cooled. The small acute rhombohedral crystals melt at... 

Sodium Azidodithiocarbonate, NaSCSN3> mw 141.16, N 29.77% col powd of no distinct cryst form mp explodes between 139-43°. It was prepd by dehydration of either the tetra-hydrate or the dihydrate at RT over PaO in a vac desiccator. SI decompn takes place as evidenced by the development of a pink color on the cryst surface. This color disappeared on exposure to air... 

Sodium chromate may be obtained anhydrous, and in the form of a deea-, hexa-, and tetra-hydrate, according to the conditions of crystallisation. The anhydrous salt, Na2Cr04, separates from its solution on evaporation at a temperature above 62-8° C. It forms yellow crystals in the rhombic system (bipyramidal) ... 

Bovine hemoglobin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) (or blood), luminol (5-amino-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrophthalazine-l,4-dione), sodium perborate tetra-hydrate NaB03 4 H2O, Na3P04 12 H2O, icing sugar, distilled water. 

DNA polymerase I, Klenow Fragment, EXO(-) was obtained from Funakoshi (Tokyo, Japan). Luciferase, Adenosine-5 -triphosphate sulfurylase, adenosine 5 -phosphosulfate sodium salt, D-Luciferin sodium salt, and magnesium acetate Tetra hydrate were obtained from Sigma (MO, USA). Deoxynucleotide and 2 -deoxyadenosine 5 -0-(l-thiotriphosphate) were obtained from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (UK). Other chemicals were of an analytical-reagent grade. Instruments ... 

FERROUS CHLORIDE TETRA-HYDRATE (7758-94-3) FeCl Contact with ethylene oxide may initiate polymerization. Reacts violently with reducing agents, including hydrides, nitrides, and sulfides acrolein, alcohols, chlorine trifluoride, ethers, fluorine, hydrazine, hydrazinium perchlorate, hydrogen peroxide, finely divided aluminum or magnesium, peroxyfuroic acid, sodium acetylide. Sensitizes most organic azides which are unstable shock and heat-sensitive explosives. Forms explosive materials with l,3-di(5-tetrazoyl)triazene, potassium,sodium. Incompatible with glycidol, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, nitrosyl perchlorate, sodium borohydride. Aqueous solution attacks metals. 

P40i2Na4-4H20 Sodium tetra-metaphosphate 4-hydrate, 6 98 P40i2Na, Sodium tetraphosphate, 6 99... 

Potassium sodium tartrate (10%). Dissolve lOg potassium sodium tartrate tetra-hydrate KNaC4H406-4H20 (Rochelle salt or Seignette salt) in water and dilute to 100 ml. 

When a racemic compound in solution crystallizes in an enantiomorphic unit cell, thus forming a conglomerate, several possibilities can arise. In the ideal case, the crystals that are formed are of a reasonable size and the enantiomeric forms have distinct geometries. This was the situation that Pasteur encountered with sodium ammonium tartrate tetra-hydrate (2.5), and also that which allowed Wemer " to separate by hand the complex [Rh C204)3]K3 (2.24)-K3. It must be noted, however, that even in this case the spontaneous resolution must be accompanied by an asymmetric manual sorting operation. 

A faster and more reliable method of detecting potassium in silicates makes use of a fusion or sintering with hydrated zinc chloride to produce potassium chloride, which yields a white precipitate with sodium tetra-phenyl boron (compare page 399). See page 538 regarding the chemistry of the action of zinc chloride on silicates. 

The first ferroelectric material to be discovered was some sodium-potassium tartrate tetra-hydrate crystals prepared in 1672 by a pharmacist, Elie Seignette, who lived in La Rochelle, France—hence the name Rochelle salts. However, their piezoelectric properties were not discovered until 1880 and their ferroelectric properties not until the 1920s. This material is only a ferroelectric between the temperatures of — 18°C and 23°C where it transforms from orthorhombic to monoclinic and back to orthorhombic. The Curie temperature as well as its polarization is increased when the hydrogen is replaced with deuterium. 

The treatment of (2-benzoylamino-5-iodobenzoyl-amino)acetic acid ethyl ester 88 with hydrazine hydrate for 4h yielded hydrazine derivative 2-benzoylamino-iV-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl benzamide 89, which on refluxing with sodium acetate and acetic acid for 8 h resulted in the formation of 6-iodo-10-phenyl-3//-3,4,9,10a-tetra-azaphenanthren-2-one 90 <2000IJH59> (Scheme 5). 

The reaction of aminoguanidine with sodium nitrite under neutral conditions yields tetra-zolylguanyltetrazene hydrate (85), a primary explosive commonly known as tetrazene. Tetrazene (85) is only formed in the absence of free mineral acid and so a common method for its preparation treats the bicarbonate salt of aminoguanidine (84) with one equivalent of acetic acid followed by addition of aqueous sodium nitrite. " Tetrazene (85) is decomposed by aqueous alkali to form triazonitrosoaminoguanidine (86) which is isolated as the cuprate salt (87) on addition of copper acetate to the reaction mixture. Acidification of the copper salt (87) with mineral acid leads to the formation of 5-azidotetrazole (88) (CHN7 = 88 % N).55 56... 

Osone hydrates have been prepared from 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-(2-hydroxy-D-glucal)1 and from the corresponding derivatives of 2-hydroxy-D-galactal,9 2-hydroxyceIlobial13 and 2-hydroxygentiobial.13 Hydrolysis of the dichloride may be effected simply by the addition of a little water to its solution in ether or benzene, but more often silver carbonate or sodium bicarbonate is added to neutralize the hydrogen chloride produced. Sodium and potassium carbonate are too alkaline and result in yellowing of the reaction mixture. A yield of 90% of the theoretical amount of osone hydrate was obtained from the crystalline dichloride derived from D-glu-cose. However, the crystalline dichloride derived from cellobiose resisted hydrolysis (see the previous Section). Nevertheless, the cellobiosone hydrate was prepared from the sirupy mother liquor. In any case, yields on the basis of the entire, chlorinated substances were low.1613... 

AnalaR glacial acetic acid and tetra-sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate were from BDH. Chemicals/reagents from Aldrich acetonitrile, anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (dioxan), barium 2-cyanoethylphosphate hydrate, 2,4,6-collidine (99%), anhydrous DMF, phosphoryl chloride (phosphorus oxychloride) (99 and 99.999%), thiophosphoryl chloride (98%), salicyl chlorophosphite (2-chloro-4//-l,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one), tri-n-butylamine (99+%), triethylamine (99%), tri-n-octylamine (99+%), trimethylphosphate (99+%), 3 A molecular sieves. 

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