Sodium permanganate oxidation

Sofid sodium permanganate monohydrate has been shown to be a selective synthetic reagent (156). It is typically used in hexane for the heterogeneous oxidation of aldehydes, alcohols, and sulfides. Synthetic methodology based on crystal surfaces exhibited greater selectivity, higher yield, and easier work-up as compared to aqueous permanganate reactions. 

Potassium permanganate oxidizes succinic acid to a mixture of malic and tartaric acid [133-37-9]. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid [503-66-2] is obtained with sodium perchlorate. Cerium(IV) sulfate in sulfuric acid medium oxidizes succinic acid to oxaloacetic acid (71). 

The rigid, planar pyridine analog 111 was isolated in low yield by first hydrolyzing the known (67) pyridine diethyl phosphonate 109 to the corresponding free acid 110 followed by permanganate oxidation (2). An alternative synthesis of 111 has recently been reported (68). Alkylation of pyridine-2-carboxylate -oxide with dimethylsulfate and subsequent reaction with the sodium salt of diethyl phosphite gave the triester 112, which was readily converted to 111. 

The acid, referred to as tetra acid , is prepared as follows In a Friedel-Crafts reaction, acenaphthene 72 is reacted with malonic dinitrile and aluminum chloride. The resulting condensation product 75 is oxidized with sodium chlorate/hy-drochloric acid to form the dichloroacenaphthindandione 76. Oxidation with sodium hypochlorite solution/sodium permanganate affords naphthalene tetracar-boxylic acid 68, mostly existing as the monoanhydride 68a. The dianhydride, on the other hand, evolves only after drying at approx. 150°C. 

Erythrocyte suspension Sample purged absorption of hydrogen cyanide in sodium hydroxide conversion of thiocyanate to cyanide by potassium permanganate oxidation Spectrophotometry (thiocyanate- cyanide determination) No data 93-97 McMillan and Svoboda 1982... 

Bis(benzene)chromium dichromate, 3851 Calcium chromate, 3926 Copper chromate oxide, 4223 Dibismuth dichromium nonaoxide, 0232 Lead chromate, 4243 Lithium chromate, 4236 Magnesium permanganate, 4691 Potassium dichromate, 4248 Potassium permanganate, 4647 Sodium dichromate, 4250 Sodium molybdate, 4713 Sodium permanganate, 4703 Zinc permanganate, 4710... 

Reacts with sodium and potassium permanganates (oxidizing agents) yielding carbon dioxide, water, and chloride ions. Incompatible with other strong oxidizing agents (e.g., ozone), aluminum and its alloys. 

Sodium permanganate (NaMnO ) is a purple crystal that is soluble in water and is used as an oxidizing agent, disinfectant, and bactericide and as an antidote for morphine poisoning. 

Piroxicam Piroxicam, 1,1 -dioxid-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-iV-2-pyradyl-2//-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide (3.2.78), is synthesized from saccharin (3.2.70). Two methods for saccharin synthesis are described. It usually comes from toluene, which is sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid, forming isomeric 4- and 2-toluenesulfonyl chlorides. The isomeric products are separated by freezing (chilling). The liquid part, 2-toluenesulfonyl chloride (3.2.68) is separated from the crystallized 4-toluenesulfochloride and reacted with ammonia, giving 2-toluenesul-fonylamide (3.2.69). Oxidation of the product with sodium permanganate or chromium (VI) oxide in sulfuric acid gives saccharin—o-sulfobenzoic acid imide (3.2.70) [123-126]. 

The position and geometry of the side chain double bonds can be determined by ozonolysis and a potassium permanganate-sodium periodate oxidation, as well as by the IR spectrum. Results have shown that the side chain double bonds are always Z 16,122,126). 

Permanganate. Sodium permanganate, permanganate of soda, [CAS 10101-50-5], NaMn0 3H20. purple solid, soluble, formed by oxidation of acidified sodium manganate solution with chlorine, and then evaporating. Used (1) as disinfectant and bactericide, (2) in medicine. 

L. P. de St. Gilles, and I. M. Kolthoff, found that potassium permanganate oxidizes hypophosphorous acid completely to phosphoric acid. L. Amat found that the oxidation proceeds more quickly the more cone, the soln., the more acidic the soln., and the higher the temp. at ordinary temp., and in dil. soln., the oxidation is incomplete. If the soln. be too hot, some permanganate may be decomposed without interaction with the hypophosphorous acid. The reaction was studied by I. M. Kolthoff. M. Major, and A. Sieverts found that reduced iron readily dissolves in a hot soln. of sodium hypophosphite ferric salts are reduced to the ferrous state and ferric alum reacts at the temp, of the water-bath, while phosphorous acid is not attacked after several hours. 

During an alkaline oxygen stage the formation of keto structures by oxidation of ketols is postulated, finally leading to acids. Sodium permanganate treatments yield a moderate increase in both, carbonyls and carboxyl groups at short reaction times [20]. 

The greater stability of the pyrazine ring to oxidation compared with that of benzene enables pyrazinecarboxylic acids to be prepared by permanganate oxidation of either quinoxalines or phenazines. The pyrazine ring is more stable than the pyrimidine ring to acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Thus, pteridine is converted into 2-amino-3-formylpyrazine on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid and N-(3-formyl-2-pyrazinyl)formamidine oxime on treatment with sodium carbonate and hydroxylamine (Scheme 11).136 Aminopyrazines and... 

The resistance of the furoxan ring to chemical attack allows derivatives to be prepared via the reactions of the substituents (Section 4.22.3.4). Carboxylic acids are available by permanganate oxidation of methyl derivatives or by hydrolysis of the corresponding esters reaction with ammonia affords carboxamides. Acylfuroxans provide a source of hydroxyalkyl compounds by reduction, and oximes, for example, via nucleophilic addition. Acylation and oxidation of aminofuroxans allows the amide and nitro derivatives to be prepared. Nucleophilic displacements of nitro substituents can take place, but can be somewhat hazardous on account of the explosive nature of these compounds. Alkoxy derivatives are formed with sodium alkoxide, while reaction with thiolate anions yields sulfides, from which sulfones can be synthesized by peracid oxidation. Nitrofuroxans have also been reduced to... 

Ketohendecanedioic acid has been prepared by the reactions described,3 4 by the dialkylation of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate with ethyl 7-iodobutyrate in the presence of sodium ethoxide followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation,2 5 and by the permanganate oxidation of 6-(l -cyclohexenyl)-l-hexene.6 The present method is a simplification of the procedure originally described by Sauer.3 This method is practical for the preparation of symmetrical keto dibasic acids and esters.7... 

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