Oxidation, permanganate

Interaction produces the powerful oxidant, permanganic acid. 

Some of the investigations carried out in the first half of the twentieth century were related to CL associated with thermal decomposition of aromatic cyclic peroxides [75, 76] and the extremely low-level ultraviolet emission produced in different reaction systems such as neutralization and redox reactions involving oxidants (permanganate, halogens, and chromic acid in combination with oxalates, glucose, or bisulfite) [77], In this period some papers appeared in which the bright luminescence emitted when alkali metals were exposed to oxygen was reported. The phenomenon was described for derivatives of zinc [78], boron [79], and sodium, potassium, and aluminum [80]. 

The furanoid ring in benzo[6 ]furan is susceptible to attack by oxidants. Permanganate and chromic acid give derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with compounds unsubstituted at the 3-position, but compounds with a 3-methyl or a 3-aryl substituent give derivatives of 2-hydroxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxybenzophenone. Ozonolysis of benzo[6]furan affords 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and some catechol produced via its diformate. Before the advent of NMR spectroscopy these methods were used in structural elucidation of benzofuranoid natural products, as in the case of O-methyleuparin (Scheme 26). 

In azide addition to quinones, the triazoline adducts are spontaneously oxidized to the triazoles.1-8 9,279-281,317,392 393 Potassium permanganate32,155,286,288 and nickel peroxide394 also effect triazoline oxidation. Permanganate oxidation of 1,5-substituted triazolines in a two-phase system using a phase-transfer catalyst provides a convenient route to the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted triazoles (Scheme 118).395,396 Triazoline 4-carboxylic esters32,287,288 and a 4-carboxamide397 are converted to triazoles by potassium permanganate and nickel peroxide, respectively. 

Primary and secondary alcohols are easily oxidized by a variety of reagents, including chromium oxides, permanganate, nitric acid, and even household bleach (NaOCl, sodium Oxidation hypochlorite). The choice of reagent depends on the amount and value of the alcohol. We of AI CO h OIS use cheap oxidants for large-scale oxidations of simple, inexpensive alcohols. We use the most effective and selective reagents, regardless of cost, for delicate and valuable alcohols. 

Chemical methods of degradation include 1) reduction using metals, hydrogen, or metal hydrides 2) oxidation using copper oxide, permanganate, or chlorine and 3) alkaline... 

The reaction stoichiometry of permanganate (typically provided as liquid or solid KMnO, but also available in Na, Ca, or Mg salts) in natural systems is complex. Owing to its multiple valence states and mineral forms, Mn can participate in numerous reactions. The reactions proceed at a somewhat slower rate than the previous two reactions, according to second-order kinetics. Depending on pH, the reaction can include destraction by direct electron transfer or free-radical advanced oxidation. Permanganate reactions are effective over a pH range of 3.5-12. 

Interaction produces the powerful oxidant, permanganic acid. See Permanganic acid Organic materials... 

BIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL)ETHER (112-73-2) CjiHjsOj Combustible liquid (flash point 245°F/118°C oc autoignition tenp 590°F/310°C Fire Rating 1). Reacts violently with oxidizers, permanganates, peroxides and hydroperoxides, ammonium... 

ETHER (111-43-3) C H,40 Highly flammable, peroxidizable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 70°F/21°C Fire Rating 3). Forms unstable and explosive peroxides, especially when anhydrous. Reacts violently with oxidizers, permanganates, peroxides and hydroperoxides, ammonium persulfate, bromine dioxide, acyl halides, strong acids sulfioric acid, nitric acid. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), alcohol-resistant foam, or CO2 extinguishers. 

DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER or DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER (34590-94-8) C,H 03 Combustible and peroxidizable liquid (flash point 166°F/75°C 186°F/86°C Fire Rating 2). May form unstable peroxides on contact with air. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, permanganates, peroxides and... 

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