Sodium glycodeoxycholate

Senel S, Capan Y, Sargon MF, Ikinci G, Solpan D, Giiven O, Bodde HE, Hincal AA (1997) Enhancement of transbuccal permeation of morphine sulfate by sodium glycodeoxycholate in vitro. J Control Release 45 153-162... 

Sodium glycocholate Sodium glycochenodeoxycholate A Sodium glycodeoxycholate... 

A Sodium deoxycholate X Sodium glycodeoxycholate Sodium taurodeoxycholate... 

Effect of Bulk pH on Behavior and Solubility of Oleic Acid in Bile Salt Solution. Figure 2 shows the effect of bulk pH on the behavior and solubility of oleic acid in 0.15M buffer (above) and in 4 mM sodium glycodeoxycholate (below). In buffer, oleic acid has an extremely low solubility, and the excess, below pH 6.8, is present as an emulsion. In micellar bile salt solution, the oleic acid is solubilized to some extent. Above pH 6.5, its solubility rises markedly, and the excess now forms a dispersed phase which probably consists of droplets of fatty acid emul-... 

Bile salts used in permeation enhancement studies include the trihydroxy salts sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, and sodium taurocholate (Figure 10.2) and the dihydroxy salts sodium deoxycholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, and sodium taurodeoxycholate. Several in vitro permeation studies carried out in isolated animal buccal mucosa and in vivo bioavailability studies conducted in animals and human subjects have proven their potential as effective buccal permeation enhancers. 

Sodium 5-methoxysalicylate 1465 Sodium caprate 1376 Sodium deoxycholate 1465 Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, see SDS-PAGE Sodium glycocholate 1465 Sodium glycodeoxycholate 1376 Sodium salicylate 1376, 1466 Sodium taurodihydrofusidate 1376 Softenon 1675 Solanum lycopersicum 970 Solanum tuberosum 485 Solclot 462 Solid tumor 1174... 

Fatty acids have a lower solubility in typical ionic detergent solutions than in bile acid solutions, for a given micellar concentration. To paraphrase, the micellar zone in the ternary phase diagram of this system (ionic detergent-fatty acid-water) is smaller than that in the system bile acid-fatty acid-water. Small has constructed the sodium oleate-oleic acid-water phase diagram (32) the micellar zone is extremely small because of the formation of liquid crystalline phases of oleic-sodium oleate at very low oleic acid/ sodium oleate ratios. In unpublished experiments carried out several years ago, we compared the solubility of lauric acid in 40 mM solutions of sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium glycodeoxycholate with that in sodium octyl benzene sulfonate. Lauric acid at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM was completely soluble in these bile acid solutions at pH 6.3. By contrast, a 5 mM concentration of lauric acid in sodium octyl benzene sulfonate solution was completely turbid. 

For bile salt mixtures, total concentration of bile salts is given. CTAB, cetyl trimethylam-monium bromide HDPC, hexadecyl pyridinium chloride lauryl taurate, sodium lauryl taurate TC-TDC, sodium taurocholate-sodium taurodeoxycholate ABS, sodium p-(H-octyl) benzene sulfonate SIC, a mixture of sodium taurocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium taurochenodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, and sodium glycochenodeoxycholate composed to resemble human small intestinal content during fat digestion and absorption (19). 

Fig. 44. Apparent aggregation number vs counterion concentration of glycocine conjugates at 20°C, pH 8-9 (43). Sodium glycocholate. Sodium glycochenodeoxycholate. A Sodium glycodeoxycholate.

Sodium deoxycholate above pH 8 in 0.15 N NaCl has an aggregation number of 15 molecules. This increases moderately between pH values 8 and 7.8. As the pH falls, a marked increase in Ag occurs from 18 to over 500 at pH 7.3. This change corresponds to the formation of a thin gel. These gels have been studied previously (170-173). Sodium glycodeoxycholate behaves in similar fashion except that the pH at which the marked increase in aggregation number occurs is much lower (about 5.0). In both cases the solutions are clear. The amount of free acid necessary to produce the gel stage has been... 

Fig. 45, Apparent aggregation number vs pH of deoxycholate series (0.15 A NaCl) (43). A Sodium deoxycholate. X Sodium glycodeoxycholate. Sodium taurodeo.xycholate.

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