Sodium, colloidal bromide

Brom-jod, n. iodine bromide, -kalium, n. potassium bromide, -kalzium, n., kalk, tn. calcium bromide, -kampher, tn. bromo-camphor, Pharm.) monobromated camphor, -kohlenstoff, tn. carbon (tetra)bromide. -korper, tn. Colloids) "bromide body (bromide ion), -kupfer, n. copper bromide, lauge, /. bromine lye (solution of sodium hypobromite and bromide made by passing bromine into sodium hydroxide solution), -lithium, n. lithium bromide. -Idsung, /. bro-nune solution, -magnesium, n. magnesium bromide. -metall, n. metallic bromide. 

Sierra, M.B., Morini, M.A., Schulz, P.C. and Ferreira, M.L. (2005) Unusual volumetric and hydration behavior of the catanionic system sodium undecenoate sodium decyltrimethylammonium bromide. Colloid and Polymer Science, 283 (9), 1016-1024. 

Mata, J., Varade, D., Ghosh, G., and Bahadur, R, Effect of tetrabutylammonium bromide on the micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 245,69-73, 2004. 

L. Berczeller has shown that the presence of acids, chlorides, bromides, iodides, thiocyanates, and morphine accelerate the reaction while the presence of tartrates, sulphates, oxalates, carbonates, mercuric chloride, bromide, iodide, and cyanide, most alkaloids, colloids, proteins, etc., inhibit the reaction. Hydrocyanic acid, unlike other acids, also inhibits the reaction. A. Skrabal has shown that Landolt s reaction has a temp, coeff. greater than unity, so that the velocity of the reaction increases with a rise of temp. but if the system contains an excess of sodium sulphate, the temp, coeff. is less than unity, and the velocity of the reaction decreases with a rise of temp. 

In this current work, cerium-modified MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve was synthesized using heptahydrated cerium chloride, colloidal fumed-silica, sodium hydroxide, cethyltrimethylammonium bromide and water. The incorporation of cerium to MCM-41 improved the quality, stability and acid properties of the resulting ordered mesoporous material. Its surface and structural properties were extensively studied by nitrogen adsorption and high-resolution thermogravimetry. 

When aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium bromide are mixed rapidly, the silver bromide may form a hydrophobic colloidal suspension rather than precipitating. The tiny particles are kept from settling out by Brownian motion, the motion of small particles resulting from constant bombardment by solvent molecules. The sol is further stabilized by the adsorption of ions on the surfaces of the particles. The ions attract a layer of water molecules that prevents the particles from adhering to one another. 

Similarly, Sano et al. [1994] added colloidal silica to a stirred solution of tetrapropylammonium bromide and sodium hydroxide to synthesize a hydrogel on a stainless steel or alumina support with a mean pore diameter of 0.5 to 2 pm. The composite membrane is then dried and heat treated at 500 C for 20 hours to remove the organic amine occluded in the zeolite framework. The silicalite membranes thus obtained are claimed to be free of cracks and pores between grains, thus making the membranes suitable for more demanding applications such as separation of ethanol/water mixtures where the compound molecules are both small. The step of calcination is critical for synthesizing membranes with a high permselectivity. 

In the second case treated by MacLeod a victim of morphinism and alcoholism was cured of addiction to both simultaneously by the use of great amounts of sodium bromide. The next case was that of a patient who used chloral habitually the patient was kept asleep for eight days by the use of sodium bromide. At the end of the treatment the sufferer was ctued. Chloral, being a well-known anesthetic, acts by agglomerating reversibly the protein colloids of the brain and of the sensory nerves the action of the sodium bromide in this case was to disperse the agglomerated protein particles in the same way that it acted to cure morphinism. This establishes an experimental parallelism between the action of morphine and chloral, and the action of sodium bromide in antagonizing them both. 

The results obtained by MacLeod and by Church show, quite definitely, that the desire of addicts for morphine is not explainable on any sort of psychological basis it is a physiologico-colloidal phenomenon. The efficiency of the bromide ion in peptizing the reversibly coagulated nerve colloids is shown strikingly by Church s first case, for, while imder the influence of sodium bromide, 60 grains of morphine per day were administered. Despite this the cure was effected. 

Mix equal amounts of 0.020 mol din sodium bromide solution and 0.018 mol dm silver nitrate solution. A colloidal dispersion of silver bromide is formed immediately. A silver iodide sol maybe prepared in a similar manner. 

Tomasic, V., Stefanic, I., and Filipovic-Vincekovic, N., Adsorption, association, and precipitation in hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl snlfate mixtures. Colloid Polym. Sci, 277, 153-163 (1999). 

Silicalite colloidal solutions with approximate diameters of 100 nm were prepared using distilled water, tetrapro-pylammonium hydroxide (TPAOM), and sodium hydroxide. Cylindrical ot-alumina microfiltration membranes (average pore diameter 1 pm, outer diameter 10 mm, iimer diameter 8 mmj were used as substrates for the zeolite membranes. A hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in a solution of distilled water, tetrapropylammo-nium bromide (TPABr), and sodium hydroxide in a molar composition of TPABr/Si02/H20/Na0H = 0.1/1/80/ 0 1 [2,26] Pqj. ZSM-5 membranes, sodium... 

Lopez-Leon T, Santander-Ortega MJ, Ortega-Vinuesa JL, Bastos-Gonzalez D (2008) Hofmeister effects in colloidal systems influence of the surface namre. J Phys Chem C 112 16060-16069 Lyklema J (2009) Simple Hofmeister series. Chem Phys Lett 467 217-222 Maiti K, Mitra D, Guha S, Moulik AP (2009) Salt effect on self-aggregation of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) physicochemical correlations and assessment in the light of Hofmeister (lyotropic) effect. J Mol Liq 146 44-51 Marcus Y (1997) Ion properties. Dekker, New York... 

Figure 20.11. Addition of a surfactant to a solution of a hydrophobically modified polyelectrolyte (in this case hydrophobically modified polyacrylate) gives very different viscosity effects for different types of surfactants. The effect is much larger for an oppositely charged surfactant, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), than it is for a nonionic (C12E5) or a similarly charged one, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). (Redrawn from B. Magny, I. Iliopoulos, R. Audebert, L. Piculell and B. Lindman, Progr. Colloid. Polym. ScL, 89 (1992) 118)...

Materials. Dodecylpyridinium bromide was synthesized by treating fractionally distilled 1-dodecane bromide in dry pyridine for 12 hr. The crude surfactant was recrystallized twice from acetone followed by decolorization with active charcoal in methanol solution. The resulting white crystal is a monohydrate of DoPBr. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in aqueous solution as determined by electric conductivity method is 17.4 mM at 30°C in agreement with literature. Calf thymus DNA (sodium salt, SIGMA) was used as received. Residual (nucleotide) concentration was determined by a colloid titration using poly(potassium vinyl sulfate) as a titrant and Toluidine Blue as an indicator. 4 Propionyl- a-cyclodextrin (prop- a-CD) used as a neutral carrier was prepared by esterification of a-cyclodextrin (Tokyo Kasei Co.) with propionic anhydride in dry pyridine at room temperature for 12 hr. The reaction mixture was poured onto ice to obtain a gummy product which was then dissolved in acetone and precipitated in cold water. The dissolution-precipitation was repeated three times. The hydrophobicized oc-CD is a white powder. 

---