Sodium chlorate nitrate

Plants can also be pests that need to be controlled, particulady noxious weeds infesting food crops. Prior to 1900, inorganic compounds such as sulfuric acid, copper nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium salts were used to selectively control mustards and other broadleaved weeds in cereal grains. By the early 1900s, Kainite and calcium cyanamid were also used in monocotyledenous crops, as well as iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium arsenate. Prom 1915 to 1925, acid arsenical sprays, carbon bisulfate, sodium chlorate, and others were introduced for weed control use. Total or nonselective herbicides kill all vegetation, whereas selective compounds control weeds without adversely affecting the growth of the crop (see Herbicides). 

Use of mercuric catalysts has created a serious pollution problem thereby limiting the manufacture of such acids. Other catalysts such as palladium or mthenium have been proposed (17). Nitration of anthraquinone has been studied intensively in an effort to obtain 1-nitroanthraquinone [82-34-8] suitable for the manufacture of 1-aminoanthraquinone [82-45-1]. However, the nitration proceeds so rapidly that a mixture of mono- and dinitroanthraquinone is produced. It has not been possible, economically, to separate from this mixture 1-nitroanthraquinone in a yield and purity suitable for the manufacture of 1-aminoanthraquinone. Chlorination of anthraquinone cannot be used to manufacture 1-chloroanthraquinone [82-44-0] since polychlorinated products are formed readily. Consequentiy, 1-chloroanthraquinone is manufactured by reaction of anthraquinone-l-sulfonic acid [82-49-5] with sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid (18). 

Heating the bis(trichloromethyl)benzene with potassium nitrate, selenium dioxide or sodium chlorate to effect conversion to the bisfacyl chloride) led to eruptions at higher temperatures, and was too dangerous to pursue. 

Evaporation of a moist mixture of sodium phosphinate with a trace of sodium chlorate by slow heating caused a violent explosion. It was concluded that, once started, the decomposition of the phosphinate proceeds spontaneously [1]. Similar reactions have been reported with nitrates instead of chlorates. Such mixtures had previously been proposed as explosives [2], Interaction of iodine with the anhydrous salts is violently exothermic, causing ignition [3],... 

MRH Ammonium nitrate 3.97/84, chromium trioxide 3.01/81, hydrogen peroxide 6.36/68, nitric acid 5.84/61, potassium dichromate 1.59/tr., sodium chlorate 6.07/69, sodium nitrate 3.18/68... 

MRH Ammonium nitrate 5.48/77, hydrogen peroxide 8.74/59, potassium permanganate 3.97/63, sodium bromate 6.19/68, sodium chlorate 8.45/60, sodium chlorite 7.36/65, sodium nitrate 6.07/58, sodium perchlorate 8.37/57, sodium peroxide 3.51/76... 

Nitropropane Nitrosyl fluoride Nitrosyl perchlorate Nitrourea Nitrous acid Nitryl chloride Oxalic acid See under Nitromethane chlorosulfonic acid, oleum Haloalkenes, metals, nonmetals Acetones, amines, diethyl ether, metal salts, organic materials Mercury(II) and silver salts Phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, silver nitrate, semicarbazone Ammonia, sulfur trioxide, tin(IV) bromide and iodide Furfuryl alcohol, silver, mercury, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite... 

Palladium(II) oxide, 4825 Palladium(IV) oxide, 4835 Perchloric acid, 3998 Periodic acid, 4425 Permanganic acid, 4434 Peroxodisulfuric acid, 4482 Peroxodisulfuryl difluoride, 4328 Peroxomonosulfuric acid, 4481 Peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, 0666 Platinum hexafluoride, 4371 Platinum(IV) oxide, 4836 Plutonium hexafluoride, 4372 Potassium bromate, 0255 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Potassium dichromate, 4248 Potassium iodate, 4619 Potassium nitrate, 4650 Potassium nitrite, 4649 Potassium perchlorate, 4018 Potassium periodate, 4620 Potassium permanganate, 4647 Rhenium hexafluoride, 4373 Rubidium fluoroxysulfate, 4309 Ruthenium(VIII) oxide, 4862 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Silver permanganate, 0021 Sodium chlorate, 4039 Sodium chlorite, 4038 Sodium dichromate, 4250 Sodium iodate, 4624 Sodium nitrate, 4721 Sodium nitrite, 4720... 

Heat, and sometimes gas, transfer from the core of a bulk material, also influences auto-ignition and explosion. The concept of critical mass is not limited to nuclear explosives (though shape is also important). Some entries in this text, such as sodium chlorate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate, have proved extremely destructive dining industrial storage by the tens of tonnes, but are incapable of explosion at the ten gramme scale. Many other entries are for hazards significant only beyond laboratory scale [1]. 

Lead dioxide also can be prepared by fusing lead monoxide with a mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate. 

Grayish-white metal hody-centered cubic crystalline structure density 19.3 g/cm3 melts at 3,422°C vaporizes at 5,555°C vapor pressure 1 torr at 3,990°C electrical resistivity 5.5 microhm-cm at 20°C modulus of elasticity about 50 to 57 x lO psi (single crystal) Poisson s ratio 0.17 magnetic sus-ceptibilty +59 x 10-6 thermal neutron absorption cross section 19.2 + 1.0 barns (2,200m/sec) velocity of sound, about 13,000 ft/sec insoluble in water practically insoluble in most acids and alkabes dissolves slowly in hot concentrated nitric acid dissolves in saturated aqueous solution of sodium chlorate and basic solution of potassium ferricyanide also solubibzed by fusion with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the presence of potassium nitrate followed by treatment with water... 

Most sodium compounds tend to be quite hygroscopic, and therefore simple compounds such as sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), sodium chlorate (NaGlO 3), and sodium perchlorate (NaClO,) - combining the oxidizing anion with the metallic emitter - can not be used unless precautions are taken to protect against moisture... 

Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium picramate... 

Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Phloroglucinol, Hydrochloric acid Sodium chlorate. Copper sulfate. Ammonium hydroxide. Alcohol Sodium chlorate. Copper sulfate. Ammonium hydroxide. Alcohol Sulfuric acid. Potassium nitrate, 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, Methylene chloride. Hexane, Charcoal, Sodium sulfate, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanone, Potassium hydrogen carbonate, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Trifluoroacetic acid. Urea, Dimethylformamide Nitric acid. Urine... 

Sodium nitrate. Sodium chlorate. Sugar, Charcoal powder... 

Ammonia gas, Carbon dioxide, Sodium chlorate Ammonia, Carbon dioxide. Sodium chlorate Hydrogen cyanide. Hydrocyanic acid. Prussic acid, Blausaure Hydrochloric acid. Methanol, ADNB, Methylene chloride. Nitric acid. Sodium bicarbonate. Magnesium sulfate 4,4-DNB, Methylene chloride. Magnesium sulfate. Sodium azide. Sodium hydroxide. Acetyl chloride. Ethyl acetate. Hexane TetranUine, Glacial acetic acid. Sodium azide Ammonium nitrate, TNT Sodium azide. Ammonia... 

Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate cryohydrate Sodium nitrate, Sodium chloride. Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate. Sodium chlorate. Sugar, Charcoal powder Potassium nitrate. Potassium chlorate. Sugar, Charcoal powder Sodium nitrate. Potassium chlorate. Sugar, Charcoal powder 3-Pyridol, Ethylmethylamine, Formaldehyde, Pyridine, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. Sodium carbonate. Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 1,10-Dibromodecane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Charcoal, Ethyl acetate... 

G.F. vonKrogh, Explosivstoffe 11, 275-L (1963) (Inexpensive expls with addn of water) (Prepd from AN, sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate, TNT, and thickened with guar gum, sodium CMC or sodium alginate)... 

The solubility of potassium chlorate is depressed by the addition of other potassium salts, or by the addition of other chlorates F. Winteler, and T. Schlosing have measured the solubility of potassium chlorate in potassium chloride soln. and of sodium chlorate in soln. of sodium chloride. In accord with the general rule, the solubility is diminished by the addition of a salt with a common ion. S. Arrhenius measured the solubility of potassium chlorate in aq. soln. of potassium nitrate and C. Blarez in aq. soln. of potassium bromide, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulphate, oxalate, and hydroxide H. T. Calvert, and J. N. Bronsted in an aq. soln. of the last-named compound. H. T. Calvert also measured the solubility of potassium... 

The converse obviously applies to ammonium nitrate explosives, which must not contain any chlorates, since during storage a double exchange reaction may occur resulting in the formation of ammonium chlorate (p. 476, Vol. II), an unstable substance which decomposes spontaneously. A number of patents were taken out between 1880 and 1895, for explosives based on the use of ammonium chlorate or mixtures of ammonium nitrate with potassium or sodium chlorate. Many accidents which occurred through the spontaneous decomposition of these explosives proved the impossibility of using mixtures containing both chlorates and ammonium salts (Hantke [79]). 

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