Ammonium azide nitrate

Ammonium azide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate... 

Fusion of ammonium thiocyanate,6,6 either alone or in the presence of heavy metal salts, at 180°C., gives guanidine thiocyanate. This procedure has been modified by heating lead nitrate with a solution of ammonium thiocyanate in liquid ammonia at 120°.7 Lead sulfide is formed, and guanidine nitrate recovered. Other methods of formation involve the hydrolysis of dicyandiamide8-10 and the nitridation11 of methyl amine by means of ammonium azide in liquid ammonia. 

Ammonium aquopentamminechro-mium(III) nitrate, 5 132 Ammonium azide, 2 136... 

Ammonit = powder form commercial explosive (Austria Germany) 12 ammonium azide 12 ammonium chlorate 58 ammonium chloride 13 242 326 ammonium dichromate 14 Ammonium dinitramide 14 326 ammonium nitrate 15 16 20 36 ... 

Ionic liquids should also be very suitable for use as monopropellants, but the salts used must contain either the oxidizer and fuel combined, or salt mixtures which contain both oxidizing and reducing salts. Since these mixtures are homogeneous systems which contain both the oxidizer and fuel, they can be labeled as monopropellants, just as hydrazine is. Particularly interesting are salt mixtures which are less toxic and have a lower vapor pressure than hydrazine. Such mixtures are also known as green propellants . Suitable anions are the nitrate or dinitramide ions [58], A combination which has already been studied intensively as an oxidizer is the HAN, hydroxylammonium nitrate system. ADN, ammonium nitrate (AN) and hydrazinium nitrate (HN) have also been investigated. As fuels, hydroxylammonium azide (HAA), ammonium azide (AA) or hydrazinium azide (HA) may be appropriate. As a rule, these salt mixtures are not used as pure substances on safety grounds, but with 20 or 40% water added they then decompose catalytically in an exothermic reaction. Table 9.7 shows the dependence of the calculated specific impulses on the water content for such salt mixtures. 

Treatment of triisopropylsilyl enol ethers of cyclic ketones with ammonium cerium nitrate (3 equiv) and sodium azide (4.5 equiv) in acetonitrile at — 20 °C gave a-azido ketones in good yields124. By varying the ratio of the reagents the yields were lower or the formation of byproducts, difficult to separate, increased. Mixture of diastereomers (ratio not reported) were generally obtained from substituted substrates, except from the bicyclic ketones 16. 

The preparation of ammonium azide by the interaction of ammonia with hydrazoic acid in ethereal solution has been described by Frierson. A second preparative method using ammonium nitrate or sulfate is also described in the same reference. Both methods have disadvantages, in that the former requires the preparation of hydrazoic acid, whereas the latter is limited to small quantities because of explosion hazards. 

NH3OHJ3PO4 Hydroxylammonium phosphate, 3 82 NH4N03-[Cr(NH3)5(H20)](N03), Ammonium aquopentammine-chromium(III) nitrate, 6 132 NH4N3 Ammonium azide, 2 136, 137... 

The compound is obtained very easily by admixing a soluble azide to an aqueous thallium(I) salt solution. The product precipitates immediately as a straw-yellow crystal powder. Larger crystals are obtainable by cooling hot, saturated aqueous solutions [62]. Combinations such as thallium sulfate/ potassium azide [237] and thallium nitrate/ammonium azide [61] may be used for the preparation. This author prefers thallium perchlorate and sodium azide, because favorable solubility products of the ions involved and the absence of hydration lead to a material that is free of coprecipitated ions. For example, to a stirred solution of 200 g TICIO4 in 1600 ml water is admixed 45 g sodium azide dissolved in 150 ml water. The dense precipitate is washed with cold water until perchlorate free, and then with acetone. Practical yield, 152 g. The product should be stored completely dry as the damp material tends to discolor [236]. 

In the past two decades, it the study of high energy density materials over the world has attracted considerable attention and a series of liquid explosives of azide ammonium nitrate and azide nitrate have been developed [9, 17, 18]. In recent years, liquid explosives of azide alkanes and nitrate esters have been also developed to break the limit of application conditions and make product serialization [19]. 

Ammonium salts, nitrates, nitrites, azides must be absent. The latter are likewise reduced to ammonia by Fe hydroxide. 

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