Sodium benzene sulphonate

Thus, the crystalline ester (I) is separated and the excess of benzene sulphonyl chloride gets hydrolyzed by the alkali producing the soluble sodium benzene sulphonate. 

The Schotten-Baumann reaction may also be carried out, using, for example, benzene sulphonyl chloride, CeH,SO,Cl (. e., the acid chloride of benzene sulphonic acid, C H5SOjOH) in place of benzoyl chloride, and similar deri a-tives are obtained. Thus when phenol is dissolved in an excess of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and then shaken with a small excess of benzene sulphonyl... 

In the sulphonation process vaporised benzene is forced through a mist of sulphuric acid at 100-120°C and the benzene sulphonic acid formed is neutralised with soda ash to produce benzene sodium sulphonate. This is fused with a 25-30% excess of caustic soda at 300-400°C. The sodium phenate obtained is treated with sulphuric acid and the phenol produced is distilled with steam (Figure 23.1). 

Fig. 3.130. HPLC chromatograms of the test mixture detected by DAD (270 nm, upper lane) by APCI-MS-TIC (middle) and by ESI-MS-TIC (lower lane). Peak identification l=benzene sulphonic acid sodium salt 2=2-naphtalene sulphonic acid sodium salt 3=2-anthraquinone sulphonic acid sodium salt 4 = sulphorhodamine D sodium salt 5=crocein orange G 6=eriochrome black T 7=2,6-anthraquinone disulphonic acid disodium salt 8 = 1,5-naphtalene disulphonic acid disodium salt 9 = azophloxine 10 = 1,2-benzene disulphonic acid dipotassium salt. Reprinted with permission from G. Socher et al. [178].

Inorganic colloids Sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate... 

CLAs made with 0.4% (w/v) sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) in the aqueous phase, and 1% (w/v) Softanol-30 in the organic phase. 

Benzene is sulphonated with oleum and benzene sulphonic acid so formed is converted to sodium phenoxide on heating with molten sodium hydroxide. Acidification of the sodium salt gives phenol. 

Since the required starting sulphones are easily prepared by the reaction of sodium benzene sulphinate with benzyl bromides, the described method comprises the formal dimerization of a benzyUc fragment. 

Dtsch. Bodenkl. Gesell. 59/1 505—510 Zelenev, A. Matijevic, E. (1997) Effect of surfactants on particle adhesion. Part I Interactions of monodisperse colloidal hematite particles with glass beads in the presence of sodium 4-octyl benzene sulphonate. Coll. ... 

In the present experiments greatly enhanced rates of thermal emulsion polymerization were observed when potassium octadecanoate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (at 0.12 mol dm ) whereas sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Triton1 X-100 (Rohm Haas, a non-ionic emulsifier octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)-ethanol) did not enhance the rate. The conversion after 12 hr at 60 °C with potassium octadecanoate was 69 % whereas with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate it was only 29 % (Fig. 2). 

The advantage of this procedure is that it can be carried out in an aqueous medium, but the residues of the reagent and the derivatives of formic, acetic and propionic acids are poorly separated on the stationary phases used (2.5% sodium dodecyl benzene-sulphonate or 1% Apiezon L or their 1 1 mixture). 

Fig. 3.61. Disjoining pressure n vs. thickness h isotherm for sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate C, =...

A carboxylic acid resin having an exchange capadty of 5.5-6.5 meq/g has been prepared by polymerizing furylacrylic acid with 1-9% benzene sulphonic acid in a sealed ampoule at 100 °C for 7.5 h and then treating the polymer with sodium hydroxide. 

Sodium Monochloro Acetate Sodium-m-Nitro Benzene Sulphonate Tannic Acid Thiourea... 

Benzenesulphonyl - p - arsanilic acid, CgH6.SO2.NH.CeH4. AsO(OH)2.—This add may be obtained either from p-arsanilic add and benzene sulphonic chloride by the Schotten-Baumann reaction, or from benzenesulphonyl-p-aminophenylamine by Bart s reaction. The sodium salt goes under the name of Hectine and the mercury salt is Hectargyre. 

From Sulphonic Acids.—As previously stated, the methods of formation of phenols are wholly different from those of alcohols, and, together with their reactions, prove the constitution to be as we have given it, viz.. Ring—OU. The synthesis which is most generally used industrially is that from sulphonic acids, i. 520). When a salt of benzene sulphonic acid is fused with potassium or sodium hydroxide, phenol is formed together with a sulphite salt of the metal, according to the following reaction ... 

The following substances have also been mercuratedj but analysis indicates that the products are mixtures benzene sulphonic acid and its sodium salt, sodium p-bromobenzene sulphonate, p-iodobenzeiie sub phonic acid, 2 5-dichlorobenzene sulphonic acid, m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid, o-toluene sulphonic acid and its sodium salt, sodium p-toluene sulphonate, 2-chlorotoluene 5-sulphonic acid. The mercuration of the sodium salts is a much slower process than in the case of the free acids. 

The above calculations were obtained using a W/O microemulsion of water/xylene/sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (NaDBS)/hexanol [11]. The... 

The salinity effect of different salts, particularly divalent cation salts, is expressed through the term bS in the correlation for non-ionic surfactants of the polyethoxylated phenol or alcohol type. No information is available yet on the salinity effect on other non-ionics such as alkyl-polyglucosides. The salinity effect on ionic surfactant systems is a more complex issue because the surfactant itself is also a (more or less) dissociated electrolyte. Its degree of dissociation is paramount as far as its hydrophilicity is concerned. For instance sodium salts of alkyl sulphonic acids are essentially completely dissociated, hence they act as the sulphonate ion, and it is essentially the same with the salt of potassium or ammonium. The presence of multivalent anions produces an interference with the monovalent anionic surfactant ion, such as an alkyl benzene sulphonate, but it is essentially an ideal mixing rule. 

Similarly, sodium benzene-1,2-disulphonate (29) reacts at 350-370 °C to give mainly the disodium salt of phenol-2-sulphonic acid (30), but about 20% of the catechol salt (31) is also formed (equation 25)126. 

In marked contrast to the above results, sodium benzene- 1,3-disulphonate (32) reacts with sodium hydroxide at temperatures up to 360 °C to give the resorcinol salt 34 in over 80% yield along with some phenol126. Presumably the intermediate phenol-3-sulphonate salt 33 is no longer deactivated by the phenolate anion (equation 26). 

The content of substances which influence the suitability of water for public supply are limited. These include total evaporation residue, total iron, manganese, copper, zinc, magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate, sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate. 

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