Alkyl-sulphonic acids

Examples of liquid cation exchangers are alkyl and dialkyl phosphoric acids, alkyl sulphonic acids and carboxylic acids, although only two appear to have been used to any extent, viz. di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric(V) acid and dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid. 

Typical ion-pairing reagents are, for cations, alkyl sulphonic acids, eg pentane, hexane, heptane or octane sulphonic acid, and for anions, tetrabutylammonium or dibutylamine ammonium salts. In ion-pair chromatography the retention of solutes can be controlled in a number of ways ... 

The salinity effect of different salts, particularly divalent cation salts, is expressed through the term bS in the correlation for non-ionic surfactants of the polyethoxylated phenol or alcohol type. No information is available yet on the salinity effect on other non-ionics such as alkyl-polyglucosides. The salinity effect on ionic surfactant systems is a more complex issue because the surfactant itself is also a (more or less) dissociated electrolyte. Its degree of dissociation is paramount as far as its hydrophilicity is concerned. For instance sodium salts of alkyl sulphonic acids are essentially completely dissociated, hence they act as the sulphonate ion, and it is essentially the same with the salt of potassium or ammonium. The presence of multivalent anions produces an interference with the monovalent anionic surfactant ion, such as an alkyl benzene sulphonate, but it is essentially an ideal mixing rule. 

Oxidation of methyl perfluoroalkyl sulphones with refluxing aqueous potassium permanganate produced the perfluorinated alkyl sulphonic acid in 85% yield as the potassium salt (equation 45). Cyclic sulphones containing a,a -chlorine substituents are also susceptible to easy hydrolysis yielding sulphonic acid salts in good yields (equation 46)256. The above-described behaviour should be contrasted with simple dialkyl... 

O Samul 05 Amine salt of an alkyl sulphonic acid 4.03 3.33 2.67... 

Alkyl sulphonic acids (hydrated), RSO3-H3O+ -2600 -3.85 m-w w 1 Very broad band with three... 

Alkyl sulphonic acid sodium salts 1195-1175 8.37-8.51 vs asym SO3 str... 

Sulphonic acid esters Alkyl aryl sulphonic acid esters, such as ethyl p-toluene sulphonate, have two strong characteristic bands near 1350 cm ( 7.41 pm) and 1180cm ( 8.47pm) in their infrared spectra. Aryl esters of alkyl sulphonic acids normally have a strong absorption near 865-650cm (11.56-15.38pm) due to aromatic CH out-of-plane deformation vibrations and in this respect their spectra are similar to those of aryl sulphonamides but, of course, sulphonamides have additional bands due to their NH stretching vibrations. 

Panter R and Penzhorn RD,1980, Alkyl sulphonic acids in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ., 14,149-151. 

Secondly, ionic analytes of opposite charge can be immobilized and pre-concentrated by imi pairing with highly lipophilic and voluminous moieties, such as anion-attracting tetraalkyl ammonium salts (e.g. CTAB, see Table 5.2 and references (100, 104, 105)) or the long-chain alkyl-sulphonic acids for coupling with cations. Also this type of pre-concentration can be accomplished in situ and due to this, it can be classified as a particular case of the previous one. 

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