Sodium aminoglycosides

FOSCARNET SODIUM AMINOGLYCOSIDES Possible t nephrotoxicity Additive side-effect Monitor renal function closely... 

Likewise, the antoconvulsant phenytoin sodium and neomycin—an aminoglycoside antibiotic also decrease the cholesterol levels, and... 

TABLE 11.1. Association Constants of Various Nucleic Acids with Neomycin. From top to bottom, various polynucleotides with their conformational preference (B- to A-form) are listed in 10 mM sodium cacodylate, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 6.8. RNA targets that have previously been shown to bind neomycin are also listed. These targets are examples of RNA secondary structures that show high-affinity binding to aminoglycosides. Solution conditions for RNA targets vary as shown... 

They have a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin or netilmicin) and hence should be given concomitantly in pseudomonas septicaemia. They should however, not be mixed in the same syringe. Owing to the sodium content, high doses may lead to hypernatremia. 

Ampicillin sodium and aminoglycosides are not compatible. Interactions are found with other antibacterials, particularly those in high concentrations. 

Cefoperazone Sodium Admixture of cefoperazone sodium and aminoglycosides leads to inactivation of these drugs. Cefoperazone sodium is not compatible with other drugs that include diltiazem, pentamidine, perphenazine, pethidine, and promethazine.2... 

Ceftriaxone Sodium Ceftriaxone sodium is not compatible with aminoglycosides, labetalol, vancomycin, fluconazole, amsacrine, and pentamidine.4... 

Cephalothin Sodium Cephalothin sodium precipitates if formulated below pH 5 and is incompatible with aminoglycosides. When administered with aminoglycosides or diuretics, it may cause kidney problems. 

Mezlocillin Sodium Mezlocillin sodium is not compatible with ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. 

Nafcillin Sodium Nafcillin sodium is not compatible with other antibacterials, including aminoglycosides, acidic drugs, and alkaline drugs. 

SODIUM CLODRONATE ANTIBIOTICS -AMINOGLYCOSIDES Risk of symptomatic hypocalcaemia Uncertain Monitor calcium levels closely... 

ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL 1. ANTIBIOTICS -aminoglycosides, vancomycin 2. ANTICANCER AND IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS - cidosporin, tacrolimus 3. ANTIFUNGALS-amphotericin, 4. ANTIPROTOZOALS-pentamidine 5. ANTIVIRALS - cidofovir, foscarnet sodium, tenofovir Possible t efficacy and side-effects Competition for renal excretion Monitor renal function weekly... 

Antimicrobials. Aminoglycosides (neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin), polypeptides (colistimethate sodium, polymyxin B) and perhaps the quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin) may cause postoperative breathing difficulty if they are instilled into the peritoneal or pleural cavities. It appears that the antibiotics both interfere with the release of acetylcholine and also have a competitive curarelike effect on the acetylcholine receptor. 

Loop diuretics (especially as i.v. boluses) potentiate ototoxicity of aminoglycosides and nephrotoxicity of some cephalosporins. NSAIDs tend to cause sodium retention which counteracts the effect of diuretics the mechanism may involve inhibition of renal prostaglandin formation. Diuretic treatment of a patient taking lithium can precipitate toxicity from this drug (the increased sodium loss is accompanied by reduced lithium excretion). Reference is made above to drug treatments which, when combined with diuretics, may lead to hyper-kalaemia, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, or glucose intolerance. 

There is uncertainty about the risk of ototoxicity after the topical administration of aminoglycosides into the ear when the indication was appropriate (63,64). Nine cases of iatrogenic topical vestibulotoxicity have been reported (65). AH had used ear-drops containing gentamicin sulfate and betamethasone sodium phosphate for prolonged periods. Toxicity was primarily vestibular rather than cochlear. Although compensation occurred in unilateral cases, the disabihty in bilateral cases was typically severe and often resulted in htigation. 

Volume depletion. Dehydration, sodium depletion, shock, endotoxemia and diuretic drugs decrease the ECF volume, thereby increasing aminoglycoside concentration and necessitating changes in drug dose. 

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin) Phosphate preparations oral, enema, and IV (sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate)... 

Supportive measures that would complement antimicrobial effectiveness and assist recovery of the animal from the infection should be provided. In neonatal animals, care must be taken to avoid a too-rapid rate of intravenous fluid administration. Fever may serve a useful purpose in infectious diseases, and the change in body temperature may be used to assess the progress of the infection. In the presence of an infectious diseased, the only indication for an antipyretic drug, e.g. aspirin or paracetamol (acetaminophen) in dogs but not in cats metamizole (dipyrone) or sodium salicylate administered intravenously to horses, is to decrease body temperature to below a dangerous level, 41°C (105.8°F). Concurrent therapy with a NSAID and an aminoglycoside antibiotic increases the risk of nephrotoxicity. If the infection is suspected to be contagious, the diseased and in-contact animals should be isolated. 

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