Smoke white phosphorus

Ammunition smoke, white phosphorus, with burster, expelling charge or propelling charge 0245... 

Ammunition, smoke, white phosphorus with burster, expelling charge, or propelling charge 0246... 

White Phosphorus Smoke. No studies were located regarding absorption in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to white phosphorus smoke. White phosphorus smoke probably contains some residual unburnt white phosphorus (see Chapter 3 for composition information). Human serum concentrations of phosphate (relevance to absorption of white phosphorus smoke is unknown) following occupational inhalation exposure to white phosphorus are discussed in Section 2.3.3 (Metabolism). Health effects observed after inhalation of white phosphorus smoke are most likely portal of entry effects, and, therefore, do not indicate that absorption of white phosphorus occurred. However, the oxides and acids of white phosphorus that occur in the smoke are probably absorbed to an unknown degree. 

White Phosphorus Smoke. No studies were located regarding distribution in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to white phosphorus smoke. White phosphorus smoke... 

Similarly, extensive U.S. experience with destruction of conventional and agent-like munitions (smokes, white phosphorus, CS agent) indicates that the basic CDC technology is cost effective for destroying projectiles and other types of explosive-containing munitions in a U.S. context. 

Common names for this sgent include smoke, white phosphorus (WP), and Willie Pete. Smoke-producing sgents are not used for riot control but rather for concealment of troops on the hatdefield. They might he used as chemical weapons by terrorists, so tbey are included in this section. 

Plasticized white phosphorus (PWP) was found to be the most promising development for control of the fragmentation of P and pillaring of die smoke. It consists of an intimate mixt of granulated WF in a viscous rubber soin. The material burns more slowly and the particles... 

Red phosphors are formed either by heating white phosphorus or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight. It is quite different from the explosive white phosphorus. For instance, when scratched on a surface, the heads of safety matches made of red phosphorus convert back to white phosphorus and ignite due to the heat of the shght friction of the match on a rough surface. Red phosphorus is also used in fireworks, smoke bombs, and pesticides and to make phosphoric acid, electroluminescent paints, and fertilizers. 

Phosphorus is available in two forms, white (or yellow) and red. White phosphorus appears to be molecular, with a formula of P,. It is a waxy solid with a melting point of 44°C, and ignites spontaneously on exposure to air. It must be kept cool and is usually stored under water. It is highly toxic in both the solid and vapor form and causes burns on contact with the skin. Its use in pyrotechnics is limited to incendiary and white smoke compositions. The white smoke consists of the combustion product, primarily phosphoric acid (H 3PO,). 

Since the red modification can be handled much more safely than white phosphorus this discovery has been extremely beneficent to workers in the match industry. As early as 1851 von Schrotter prepared matches with it, but they were not easily ignited. H. Hochstatter of Langen, near Frankfort-on-the Main, exhibited successful red phosphorus matches at the London Exhibition of 1872 ( 54). The Hochstatter matches, according to von Schrotter, can be struck even upon cloth, they burn quietly,. . . almost without smoke and smell.. . . What is still more important, the workmen during their production are not... 

Fig 1-13 120-mm WP-T (WHITE PHOSPHORUS-TRACER) SMOKE PROJECTILE M357 (T16E4)... 

Typical Burster-Type Smoke Artillery Projectile, such as 120-mm WP-T (White Phosphorus-Tracer) Smoke Projectile M557 (TI6E4) (Burster Type), shown in Fig 1-13, belongs to the type of chemical projectiles. It consists of a hollow, forged steel body filled with 7.2 lb of WP and fitted with PD fuze. There is a boss on the base of proj contg a tracer. 

There are also smoke projectiles which contain PWP (plastic white phosphorus), as, for example the 4.2-inch Mortar Projectile M2 Series, described in Ref 52, pp 4-46 ... 

Smoke Rifle Grenade, WP, M19A1 with MID Fuze, shown in Fig l-20g, consists of three basic pgrts the body, the fuze, and the stabilizer, made of steel. The cylindrical body, 2-inches in diameter, is made of sheet steel and is fitted with a rounded ogive. It is filled with 8.5 oz of white phosphorus and is completely sealed to prevent the entrance of air. The fuze is MID (mechanical impact detonating) type. 

White Phosphorus (WP) (Hakurin). It was used as an Incendiary and in Incendiary Mixtures in Bombs, Grenades and Projectiles, described here under Incendiaries and in Refs 2 3, WP was also used in Smoke Compositions as described here under Smoke Producing Materials, items d, e, h and in Refs 2 3... 

PWP, Plasticized White Phosphorus. A finely divided WP suspended in gel of rubber and xylene. It is a smoke producing agent vrith side incendiary effects. Its action is similar to WP except that it is slower burning(Ref 36,p 29-41 Ref 54a,p 68). Both PWP and WP are Class C chemical agents Q. A chemical agent of specialized application (Ref 54a,p 68)(Its formula is secret)... 

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