Entry effects

To overcome thermal entry effects, the segments may be virtually stacked with the outlet conditions from one segment that becomes the inlet conditions for the next downstream section. In this approach, axial conduction cannot be included, as there is no mechanism for energy to transport from a downstream section back to an upstream section. Thus, this method is limited to reasonably high flow rates for which axial conduction is negligible compared to the convective flow of enthalpy. At the industrial flow rates simulated, it is a common practice to neglect axial conduction entirely. The objective, however, is not to simulate a longer section of bed, but to provide a developed inlet temperature profile to the test section. 

Fire-retardant chemicals, materials, and products, 11 448. See also Flame retardant entries effect on wood, 26 351 encapsulated, 16 460... 

Heat, See also High temperature entries Hot entries Temperature entries Therm- entries effect on rubber aging, 27 785 in ethylene oxidation, 70 650 exponents of dimensions, 8 585t external resistance to, 25 312-316 in industrial hygiene, 74 221 wood reaction to, 26 348-351 Heat aging, of polychloroprene polymers, 79 844-845... 

Cullen and Davidson ) studied the absorption of carbon dioxide into a laminar jet of water. When the water issued with a uniform velocity over the cross-section, the measured rate of absorption corresponded closely with the theoretical value. When the velocity profile in the water was parabolic, the measured rate was lower than the calculated value this was attributed to a hydrodynamic entry effect. 

The pressure change due to the entry effects for a set of experiments is the intercept Affl obtained through linear regression of the AP data as a function of L/R. This intercept APo is then subtracted from the measured pressure to obtain the correct pressure change, AP,. This pressure correction is known as the Bagley correction. The slope of the regression analysis from Fig 3.17 can be used to obtain the stress at the capillary wall, r , as follows ... 

In most of the work reported in the literature it is assumed that the wetted tube over which the pressure drop is measured is sufficiently long that such entry effects can be neglected. No account is taken of the waves at the film surface, or of the fact that they may move faster than the mean surface velocity of the film, and the energy lost or gained by the gas stream in accelerating or decelerating the liquid surface near the inlet is also neglected. 

Deals with laminar flow and transition to turbulence in flow along tubes with wavy walls of various wavelengths. Entry effects also studied. 

Zhivalkin (Z3), 1962 parabola with waves, profiles scattered about semiparabola. Entry effects also studied. Experimental work on film flow and upward and downward cocurrent gas/film flow (water and aqueous glycerol solutions). Data on onset of flooding and entrainment, effect of gas velocity. 

White Phosphorus Smoke. No studies were located regarding absorption in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to white phosphorus smoke. White phosphorus smoke probably contains some residual unburnt white phosphorus (see Chapter 3 for composition information). Human serum concentrations of phosphate (relevance to absorption of white phosphorus smoke is unknown) following occupational inhalation exposure to white phosphorus are discussed in Section 2.3.3 (Metabolism). Health effects observed after inhalation of white phosphorus smoke are most likely portal of entry effects, and, therefore, do not indicate that absorption of white phosphorus occurred. However, the oxides and acids of white phosphorus that occur in the smoke are probably absorbed to an unknown degree. 

When using a tube or channel to establish a laminar flow, one must be aware of entry effects. At the entry point of the tube or channel, the flow velocity profile will be even across the cross section of the tube. As the flow moves into the tube, the profile gradually becomes parabolic. So, if we rely on its being parabolic, the electrodes must be placed sufficiently far downstream... 

This appears to be a direct portal-of-entry effect as inhalation exposure to gasoline does not result in any adverse gastrointestinal effects. 

Toxin derived from the seeds of the Rosary pea or Jequirity bean (Abrus pecatorius). Powdered abrin is yellowish-white it is soluble in water and stable. Two glycoprotein chains acidic chain (30000D) - inhibits protein synthesis neutral chain (35 000D) - binds to cell wall and facilitates entry. Effects similar to ricin qv, but it is more toxic. 

Heaith hazards, exposure precautions, routes of entry, effects, work practices, protective equipment, and tools. 

The correlations provide good predictions and are suitable for electrode lengths of up to about 20d. Equation 2.21 can also be used for developing laminar flow. For design purposes, entry effect can be ignored. 

To avoid the gas entry effect from the distributor (gas jet), there is also a requirement on minimum fluidized bed height. The jet length depends on the gas velocity and the size of the opening on the distributor. For the same opening size. 

If we ignore entry effects at the inlet end of this channel (see below) and if the flow is laminar (that is, not turbulent), then there is a steady state flow, with no velocity components in the y-direction. The component in the A -direction will then be a known function of y. At the walls (y = h), the fluid clings to the solid surface, that is Vx( h) = 0. As can be shown [4, 5], the velocity profile is of the parabolic form... 

Disregarding this complication, the comparison of steady shear and DLS experiments shows that on addition of a free polymer the re-entry effect can also be observed in the flow behavior. This is highlighted in Fig. 4 by comparing... 

---