Siting Considerations

Design of blast resistant buildings in petrochemical facilities / prepared by the Task Committee on Blast Resistant Design of the Petrochemical Committee ofthe Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, p. cm. 

Petroleum rcftncries-Design and construction. 2. Petroleum re.1nerics--Firesand (ire prevention. 3- Explosions. 4. Buiidings-Biast effects. I, American Society of Civil Engineers. Task Commitlee on Blast Resistant Design. 

The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with generally recognized engineering principles and practices, and is for general information only. This information should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. 

The contents of this publication are not intended to be and should not be construed to be a standard of the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE) and arc not intended for use as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. 

No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. 

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European siting considerations are somewhat different than those in the United States. Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy were traditionally the favored locations for European CPI industry plants because of their proximity to the markets, cheap energy, and presence of a skilled labor force. 

Avalanche Excluded by siting considerations Flooding Plant specific requires detailed. Mudy... 

The major reasons for the beluu ior of vertical temperature in water bodies are the low thermal condnctii ity and the absorption of heat in the first few meters. As tlie surface waters begin to heat, transfer to low er layers is reduced and a stability condition develops. The prediction of thermal behavior in lakes and reser oirs is an important power plant siting consideration and also is a major factor in preienting e.xcessive thermal effects on sensitive ecosystems. Furthermore, the extent of thermal stratification influences the vertical dissolved ox)gen (DO) profiles where reduced DO often results from minimal exchiuige with aerated water. ... 

Specifics on the types and rates of microbiological attack. These must be determined by using other methods such as chemical and microbiological analysis of the solution and materials from the corrosion sites. Consideration must be given to limitations of electrochemical techniques for MIC studies, noted previously under Corrosion Testing Laboratory Tests and subsequent subsections. 

Merims, R. (1966) Plant location and site considerations, in The Chemical Plant, Landau, R. (ed.) (Reinhold). Russo, T. J. and Tortorella, A. J. (1992) Chem. Eng., NY99 (April) 97. Plant layout, Part 3 The contribution of CAD. 

Ever since the major power failure in 1965 that blacked out the northeastern United States, an important site consideration has been the reliability of electrical power systems. For instance, a 5-hour power failure cost a New Jersey firm two days downtime. In another case the Sun Oil Company s 170,000-barrel-per-day refinery at Marcus Hook, Pa., suffered a 250,000 loss due to a 3 1/2-hour power failure. It was four days before full production could be restored. The problem is that there is no section of the country that has not had a major power failure. 

There is a negligible effect of adsorbate-adsorbate interaction on step surfaces. Some lateral repulsion of hydrogen adsorbed on Pt(lll) could be inferred. A strong adsorption of bisulphate and sulphate anions on the (111) oriented terraces and step sites considerably affects both reactions. These data show that each crystallographic orientation of the electrode surfaces gives a different electrochemical entity. 

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